Exploration & Colonization
A horrific journey taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas
What is The Middle Passage
An economic policy that was not enforced prior to the war, seen as “salutary neglect,” and was reinstituted following the French and Indian War.
What is Mercantilism
Created bicameral two-house Congress; Senate has equal representation; House of Representatives is based on population
What is the Great Compromise
The change from making goods by hand to using machines
What is Industrialization
Admitted California to the United States as a free state but allowed some newly acquired territories to decide on slavery for themselves. Part of the Compromise included the Fugitive Slave Act.
What is the Compromise of 1850
Physical Characteristics – Rich soil, broad, deep rivers, more natural ports, river valleys, mild winters, raw materials, Atlantic Ocean, New York City has a natural harbor, (access to waterways)
Human Characteristics – large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding industries; religiously more diverse (Quakers, Catholics) and more tolerant; small coastal towns; major cities of New York and Philadelphia
What is the Middle Colonies
Written by Thomas Paine, played a pivotal role in increasing support for American independence from England.
What is Common Sense
Causes:
1. Articles of Confederation
2. Shay's Rebellion
What is the Constitutional Convention
Increased communication and trade between East and West - disrupted natural habitats in the West, contributed to air pollution, and necessitated the filling of hollows, blasting tunnels through mountains, and building bridges across rivers.
What are Railroads
Congressional Medal of Honor recipient, served with the 54th Massachusetts Regiment (Union) during the Civil War, he was the first African American soldier to receive the award (Reason for citation: When the 54th’s sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors thereon. When the troops fell back, he brought off the flag, under fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded)
Who is William Carney
Considered to be the first written constitution in the colonies, extended voting rights, created an election cycle, and set term limits for government leaders. Thomas Hooker promoted the idea that government should answer to the people.
What is Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
The term means a right that cannot be taken away. Examples include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, was influenced by John Locke when he included these rights.
What are unalienable rights
Limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, individual rights
What are the Seven Principals of Government
Theory that prices are determined by the relationship between supply and demand. If the supply of a good or service exceeds the demand for it, prices will fall. If demand exceeds supply, prices will rise.
What is the Law of Supply and Demand
Supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen providing assistance including issuing rations, clothing, and medicine to tens of thousands of poor whites and former slaves.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau
These people arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts, to escape religious persecution. The signing of the Mayflower Compact or social contract is significant because this represented the establishment of self-government in the colonies.
Who are the Pilgrims (Puritans)
The men were trained and became more of a professional army rather than a militia. The winter was harsh, and men suffered from starvation and frostbite.
What is the winter at Valley Forge
Emerged in 1828 when the Democratic-Republican Party split to become the Whig Party and the Democratic Party.
The split in the party comes about when Jackson lost the 1824 election. Supporters of Jackson splinter off to become the Democratic Party. Supporters of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams formed the base of the Whig Party.
What is the Second Party System
1. Capitalism
2. Private Enterprise
3. Competition
4. Private Property
5. Profit Motive
6. Consumer Sovereignty
What are the Pillars of Free Enterprise
This first convening of women in the United States is considered to be the beginning of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention
Led Bible studies, which brought into question Puritan theology and divided the community in Boston. She was brought to trial, convicted, and banished from the colony. She and her supporters resettled in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, and she later moved to New York City.
Who is Anne Hutchinson
Created an orderly procedure for establishing territories and applying for statehood;; it needed to address competing claims to land west of the Appalachian Mountains
What is the Northwest Ordinance
Peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 and restored relations between the U.S. and Britain to pre-war status.
What is the Treaty of Ghent
Ended the war, granting the United States the Mexican Cession for $15 million – includes territory found today in the modern states of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and California
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The first African American senator served, and the first African American governor was elected, serving in Louisiana.
Who is Hiram Rhodes Revels