Stages of Labor
What stage involves dilation from 0 to 10 cm?
First stage
What does “crowning” mean during labor?
The fetal head remains visible at the vaginal opening
What should be done if membranes rupture during labor?
Monitor temperature and risk for infection
What degree of laceration involves just the skin?
First-degree
What kind of discharge is normal immediately postpartum?
Lochia rubra (red, clots, moderate flow)
Which phase includes pushing and the birth of the baby?
Second stage
Which sign indicates placental separation?
Lengthening of the umbilical cord
What’s a common comfort intervention after birth?
Apply an ice pack to the perineum
What is a fourth-degree laceration?
Involves rectal wall
What should the fundus feel like after delivery?
Firm and midline
What is the shortest stage that focuses on maternal stabilization?
Fourth stage
What does a “boggy” uterus in the 4th stage suggest?
Uterine atony or risk of hemorrhage
How often should vitals be checked during the 4th stage?
Every 15 minutes for 1 hour
What is “Dirty Duncan”?
Placenta delivers maternal side first (red/raw)
What does a slow pulse (60–70 bpm) in mom indicate postpartum?
Normal physiological response
During which stage does placental separation occur?
Third stage
What symptom may indicate a hematoma postpartum?
Excruciating pain, swelling, inability to void
What teaching is provided about perineal care postpartum?
Use peri-bottle after each pad change and void
What is the typical blood loss for vaginal birth?
500 mL
What comfort measure helps with afterpains?
Analgesics and warm blankets
What phase is characterized by mild contractions and talkative behavior?
Latent phase of the first stage
What signs appear in the perineal phase of the second stage?
Low grunting, blood-tinged show, labial separation
What position helps facilitate fetal descent in Stage 2?
Upright position
What is the role of oxytocics after placental delivery?
Stimulate uterine contraction to prevent bleeding
How can a nurse promote bonding after birth?
Encourage skin-to-skin contact and privacy