Domains of Biotechnology
Transgenic crops are an example of which domain of biotechnology?
Agricultural Biotechnology
What are the TWO oldest types of biotechnology?
(1) Domestication of plants and animals, A.K.A. selective breeding.
(2) Using bacteria to create and/or preserve food, A.K.A. fermentation.
What is the primary goal at a biotechnology company?
Provide a product or service that is useful to society and results in earnings.
What group of potential products must be tests in clinical trials before they can be marketed to the public?
Pharmaceutical products.
True or false: You are allowed to eat and drink in the lab.
False
What does SDS stand for?
Safety Data Sheet.
Vaccines are an example of which domain of biotechnology?
Medical / Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
What is the name of a molecular biology technique that makes many identical copies of a piece of DNA, such as a gene?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Where do scientists at public university laboratories get the majority of their funding?
Grants from industry, foundations, or the government.
How many official phases are there in clinical trails?
Three.
True or False: Contact lenses may be worn in place of safety goggles.
False.
What are the four colors in the NFPA diamond, and which hazards are they associated with?
1. Red = flammability
2. Yellow = stability/reactivity
3. Blue = health hazards
4. White = special hazards
Fermented food and beverages are an example of which domain of biotechnology?
Industrial / Environmental Biotechnoloy
Which technique is used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge?
Gel electrophoresis.
Name two ways that scientists share their experimental results with other scientists.
(1) Present results at scientific conferences.
(2) Publish results in scientific journals.
What is considered the "gold standard" for clinical trails?
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials.
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment.
In which section of an SDS would you find details about the chemical's appearance, odor, pH, and other physical and chemical characteristics?
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties:
Prosthetics are an example of which domain of biotechnology?
Medical / Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
What is the purpose of creating most GMOs?
To increase crop yields.
Most biotechnology R&D laboratory positions required which degree?
A 4-year / bachelor's degree.
What is the name of the principle that a patient must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about their medical care?
Informed consent.
When may you dump solid waste or broken glass down the drain?
Never.
Who is responsible for creating/providing the SDS for a particular chemical?
The manufacturer.
Integrates biological data with computational tools to analyze and interpret biological information.
Bioinformatics
What is the name of the global scientific effort to generate the first sequence of the human genome?
Human Genome Project.
Which department in a biotechnology company is product-oriented and focused on identifying quality issues in manufactured products that could affect customer satisfaction?
Quality control.
Which phase of clinical trials compares a new treatment to a preexisting treatment in diseased individuals?
Phase III.
What is the acronym for the government agency that regulates workplace safety?
OSHA
Which section of the SDS contains recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and cleanup practices?
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
ELISA and Western Blots are an example of which domain of biotechnology?
Diagnostic / Research Biotechnology
What are the two types of fermentation and which one is used to make yogurt?
The two types of fermentation are alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. The latter is used to make yogurt and other dairy products (while the former is used to make alcoholic beverages and bread).
Which department in a biotechnology company focuses on preventing defects from occurring in the first place by implementing systematic processes and procedures, such as setting quality control standards and conducting employee training?
Quality assurance.
What is the difference between "phase 0" and "phase 4" clinical trials?
Phase 0 (A.K.A. pre-clinical trials) comes BEFORE actual clinical trials and involves experiments using animals or cell models.
Phase 4 (A.K.A. post-market studies ) occurs AFTER actual clinical trials and involves a larger patient population over an extended period.
What are the two reasons why you shouldn't use makeup or eat food in a biotech lab?
(1) The food can become contaminated by lab materials, causing you to ingest harmful substances.
(2) Lab materials can become contaminated by food particles, affecting the results of an experiment.
What two general types of information does SDS contain?
(1) Potential hazards, e.g. health, fire, reactivity and environmental, etc.
(2) How to work safely with a chemical product