Market Revolution & Politics
What economic development connected Northern factories with Southern cotton production?
The Market Revolution / growth of the national economy.
What belief held that the United States was destined to expand across North America?
Manifest Destiny.
What principle allowed settlers in a territory to vote on whether slavery would be permitted?
Popular sovereignty.
What reform movement sought to end slavery?
Abolitionism.
Which amendment abolished slavery?
13th Amendment.
Why did many Northerners support protective tariffs while many Southerners opposed them?
Tariffs protected Northern manufacturing but increased costs and threatened the South's trade-based agricultural economy.
What policy forced many Native Americans east of the Mississippi to relocate west?
Indian Removal Act.
What law strengthened the requirement that escaped enslaved people be returned to their enslavers?
Fugitive Slave Law.
What is the main goal of each event
Temperance → Reduce alcohol consumption
Women's Rights → Political/social equality for women
Abolitionism → End slavery
What did the 14th Amendment establish?
Citizenship and equal protection under the law.
John C. Calhoun argued that a state could reject a federal law it considered unconstitutional. What principle was he defending?
Nullification / states' rights.
How did the Mexican-American War contribute to sectional conflict?
New western territory reopened the debate over whether slavery would expand westward.
Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase sectional tensions?
It used popular sovereignty and effectively overturned the Missouri Compromise restriction on slavery, leading to renewed conflict and violence.
How did Nat Turner's Rebellion affect Southern policies toward enslaved people?
Southern states passed stricter slave codes and placed greater restrictions on enslaved people's movement, education, assembly, and communication.
What was the major difference between President Andrew Johnson and Congressional/Radical Republicans over Reconstruction?
Johnson favored a more lenient restoration of Southern states, while Congressional Republicans wanted stronger federal protections for formerly enslaved people and greater federal control over Reconstruction.
A Northern Whig supports a national bank, protective tariffs, and federal funding for roads and canals. A Southern Democrat argues these policies give the federal government too much power. What larger disagreement does this illustrate?
The debate over the proper role and power of the federal government.
In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia could not impose its laws on Cherokee territory. President Jackson nevertheless continued supporting removal. What broader political issue does this illustrate?
Growing presidential power and conflict between the executive branch and Supreme Court.
Put these developments in the correct general order:
Why did the abolitionist movement often cause Southern leaders to become more defensive of slavery rather than abandon it?
Southerners feared abolition and slave rebellions, leading them to strengthen slave codes, censor abolitionist material, and defend slavery politically and economically.
Southern states passed Black Codes while Congress passed Reconstruction Acts and civil-rights legislation. What does this contrast reveal?
The federal government attempted to expand the rights of formerly enslaved people while Southern governments resisted those changes and attempted to maintain racial control.
The American System promoted a national bank, protective tariffs, and federally supported internal improvements. Explain how it represented a change in the federal government's role in the economy.
It expanded federal involvement in economic development by using national policies to encourage industry, transportation, and economic growth.
A Southern politician argues that territories gained through expansion should permit slavery, while a Free Soil supporter argues those territories should be reserved for free labor. What does this disagreement demonstrate about Manifest Destiny?
Expansion increased sectional conflict because Northerners and Southerners disagreed over whether slavery would expand into western territories.
The Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and Kansas-Nebraska Act all attempted to address slavery in western territories. What pattern do their outcomes reveal?
Congress repeatedly attempted to reduce sectional tensions through compromise, but the compromises failed to create a lasting solution and eventually deepened divisions over slavery.
Consider these developments:
What larger change in American reform do these developments demonstrate?
Reform movements became increasingly organized and challenged existing political and social institutions, although many of their goals remained unfulfilled.
Consider these three developments:
What pattern in federal power do these developments demonstrate?
Congress increasingly asserted control over Reconstruction and attempted to limit presidential power while expanding federal involvement in protecting civil and political rights.