French and Indian War
What were the two sides fighting in the French and Indian War (including their allies)?
Great Britain and the Colonists
vs.
France with American Indians
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
an invisible line (Proclamation Line), which told colonists not to move west of the Appalachian Mountains
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
a formal explanation of why the colonies were ending political connections to Britain
Which country provided the most assistance to the colonists?
France
What was the first government used by the United States?
Articles of Confederation (AOC)
What caused the French and Indian War and who won?
dispute over control/settlement of the Ohio River Valley
Great Britain and the colonists won
Which colonial groups were created as a result of the Stamp Act (a tax on all paper documents)?
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
What group was responsible for the creation of the Declaration of Independence?
Committee of Five (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston)
Leader of Continental Army who preserved the army through his leadership skills
George Washington
What are two ways of why the Articles of Confederation was too weak?
only had a Legislative Branch - 1 house Congress
hard to amend - everyone had to vote yes for a change to AOC
no one to enforce laws - no executive branch
no ability to tax
no ability to regulate commerce
no national currency
Describe Salutary Neglect
England did not enforce trade laws on colonists
List one of the three punishments (Intolerable Acts) Great Britain put on the colonists for the Boston Tea Party
closed Boston Harbor
Quartering Act - housed British soldiers
martial law declared in Massachusetts
What are the three ways the Declaration of Independence is organized by?
1.Preamble: natural rights and reasons for revolution
2.List of Grievances:27 grievances or events that are evidence to justify independence
3.Peace Offerings & Conclusion: failed/ignored attempts by colonists to avoid independence independence declared - “free and independent states”
Describe how either Ben Franklin or John Adams helped the colonists win the American Revolution?
1. Ben Franklin - diplomat to France (negotiated naval, military, and financial help against the British)
2. John Adams - diplomat to Spain and the Netherlands (negotiated financial help against the British)
What is one of the three ways the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set up America for the future?
created guidelines for how a territory could become a state
made public education mandatory
outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory
**encouraged westward expansion
What negotiated settlement marked the official end of the French and Indian War and what did the winners get from the losers?
1763 Treaty of Paris
Great Britain gained all land east of the Mississippi River from the France
What were the 3 arguments Thomas Paine made in his pamphlet "Common Sense" about why the colonies should break away from Great Britain?
1. Great Britain is too small
2. Great Britain is too far away
3. Great Britain is a bad mother country
Which person did the founding fathers/framers of the Constitution get the idea for separation of powers?
Montesquieu - 3 branches of government
Person who led American forces to several victories and was a key strategist at Yorktown
Marquis de LaFayette
How did Shays' Rebellion motivate our founding fathers to change the Articles of Confederation?
It showed that the AOC was weak, local militia had to put down the rebellion because gov. had no power to call for military use
How did the French and Indian War contribute to the American Revolution?
Great Britain ends up in lots of debt and begins to tax and enforce laws in the colonies, the end of Salutary Neglect
What is one idea/theory John Locke came up with that had influence the writers of the Declaration of Independence?
Social Contract Theory - if a government is not following the will of the people or what is best for the people then the people have the right to overthrow or change the government
Natural Rights - life, liberty, and property/pursuit of happiness
What is the difference between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists?
Anti-Federalists: wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution before they would ratify, opposed strong central government (Thomas Jefferson)
Federalists: wanted the Constitution ratified as it was, without the Bill of Rights, favored strong central government (James Madison & Alexander Hamilton)
Why is the Treaty of Paris 1783 a landmark event in the history of the United States?
officially acknowledged the United States of America as a free and independent country
What is the Bill of Rights and what is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
1st ten amendments to the United States Constitution
protection of individual rights and limited the power of the federal government