Show:
Professional and Trade Organizations
Standards
Specifications
Writing Standards and Specifications
Misc.
100
AATCC is short for
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
100
True or False. A standard is a set of characteristics or procedures that provide a basis for resource and production decisions.
True.
100
True or false. Specifications do not need to reach a minimum level of performance.
False.
100
True or false. Writing standards and specifications requires careful attention to detail.
True.
100
As specs and standards increase, costs _______.
also increase.
200
Name 3 Professional and/or Trade Organizations.
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC or A2) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) American Society for Quality (ASC) American Apparel and Footwear Association (AAFA) TC2 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) American Textile Manufacturer’s Institute, Inc. (ATMI) Industrial Fabrics Association International (AFAI) International Fabricare Institute (IFI)
200
A specification or test method becomes "standard" when____________.
one or more groups of people decide to use it.
200
A specification/spec is a precise statement of a set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, system, or service that indicates the __________.
procedures for determining whether each of the requirements is satisfied.
200
Writing standards and specifications requires a thorough understanding of the _______, the _______, and the _______.
product company target market
200
Faults with specifications relate to what 3 major areas?
Words, ideas, and presentation.
300
Name 3 industry associations mentioned during the lecture.
AMFA (American Fiber Manufacturers Association) Cotton, Inc. Wool Bureau ATMI (American Textiles Manufactures Institute) KTA (Knitted Textile Association) INDA (International Nonwovens and Disposables Association) AAMA (American Apparel Manufacturers Association) NMRA (National Retail Merchants Association) AHMA (American Hotel and Motel Association) IFI (International Fabricare Institute) ASQ (American Society for Quality
300
Standards are used in defining what?
Weights and measures.
300
What is the anatomy of a specification?
Section1:SCOPE Section2:APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS Section3:DEFINITIONS Section4:USES AND SIGNIFICANCE Section5:SAMPLING Section6:SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS Section7:TEST METHODS Section8:INDEXING TERM
300
Writing standards and specifications is an integration of the impact of standards and specifications on _______, _______. and _______.
product cost quality
300
Who develops product specifications?
Committees formed of interested parties, including manufacturers, retailers, and consumers.
400
ISO was modeled after which 2 organizations?
AATCC and ASTM
400
Standards are used to define the _____, _____, and _____ for a firm's products.
quality level characteristics performance
400
Name 2 steps in developing a standard specification.
• Recognizing the problem... • Gathering interested parties... • Listing product characteristics... • Choosing the requirement for each characteristic... • Using the specification on a trial basis... • Revising, if necessary... • Approving as a standard specification... • Promoting the product as “meeting the specification”...
400
Name 2 sources of information for specifications and standards.
Textbooks and reference books related to textiles, design, product development, flat pattern, and manufacturing. ASTM-recommended performance specifications for fabrics. Standard test methods to identify the data to be collected during the test. Fabric handbooks to provide detailed information regarding specific fabrics or applications. Dictionaries and encyclopedias for basic information. The products and the materials from which they are made. Competitor’s products that help companies modify their products to remain competitive. Sample and prototype products to help identify standards and specs for appearance, fit, size, and production. The experience of the individuals involved. Vendor recommendations that may be of some use. The target market to provide information related to consumer expectations.
400
What is tolerance?
It describes the range of acceptable values.
500
Which organization coordinates voluntary standardization organizations worldwide?
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
500
Name and define 2 types of standards.
Test method: a definitive procedure for the identification, measurement, and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics, or properties of a material, product, system, or service that produces a test result. Practice: a definitive procedure for performing one or more specific operations or functions that does not produce a test result. Terminology: a document comprising definitions of terms; descriptions of terms; and explanations of symbols, abbreviations, or acronyms. Guide: a series of options or instructions that do not recommend a specific course of action. Classification: a systematic arrangement or division of materials, products, systems, or services into groups based on similar characteristics such as origin, composition, properties, or use. A company standard: reflects a consensus of opinion among employees for products or services provided; used throughout the company in product development, production, purchasing, and quality assurance; describe general characteristics or features of a product or service or a required level of performance. Industry standards: reflect consensus among many companies in an industry or among individual members of a profession; often include definitions of materials. Voluntary standards: allow individuals or companies to determine on their own whether to adopt a standard. Mandatory standards: adoption is required, generally by a law or regulation; most relate to safety or health issues. International standards: describes a situation in which a majority of the products or services conform to the same standard regardless of where a product was produced or a service was performed; implies that the companies, organizations, and governments involved agree; used to enhance product quality and reliability at reasonable prices; improve health, safety, and environmental protection; reduce hazards; produce greater compatibility of goods and services; simplify and improve product and service usability; and increase distribution efficiency.
500
Name and define 2 specification types.
Open Specification: allows for consideration of multiple vendors and includes a description of the character and/or performance desired in the product or material to be purchased. Closed Specifications: specifies the exact material, component, or product by manufacturer or vendor and includes style numbers, trade names, or other specific identifiers. Target: details the principal elements that should be considered during the design stage. Functional: describes the intended functional requirements for a product and may identify limitations. Product: describes the product to the extent necessary to make it. Materials: includes details of material used to produce a single product. Process: describes actions that need to be performed during the processing of materials to bring them to final product stage. Inspection: describes the details of the various inspections that have to be carried out on the product at various stages of production. Test: details any tests that may be required during decision making, manufacturing, and inspection stages. Acceptance: identifies various criteria that will govern the acceptance of a product at various stages of production and at final acceptance upon completion of production. Installation: details instructions necessary for installing products on site ready for use. Use: includes information and special instructions that users will need to enable them to use the product in its intended manner. Maintenance: details the procedures to be followed to ensure that the product receives correct maintenance at required intervals. Disposal: identifies any special requirements in terms of disposal of the product. Procurement: provides a total picture of the what, where, when, and how expected of the product so that prospective suppliers know what is expected of them.
500
List 2 things needed when writing standards and specifications.
A thorough understanding of the product, the company, and the target market. Careful attention to detail. Integration of the impact of standards and specifications on product cost and quality. Good writing skills. Ability to function within a team. Undergo periodic revision due to changes in the target market and its expectations, production methods, materials and equipment, regulations, etc.
500
Why do we have standards for apparel?
Fit, Reduce Returns, Target Market, Quality ect.