Stars
Difference between reflecting and refracting
refracting- look through lens at bottom, reflecting- using mirror and look through at top
Energy transferred through space in waves
electromagnetic radiation
A large cloud of gas and dust where stars form
nebula
This what’s left at the end of a low-mass or medium mass star’s life; the star’s core
white dwarf then black dwarf
When a low mass or high-mass star uses up its hydrogen, it swells into this
red giant or super red giant
list the electromagnetic spectrum in order
Radio, microwave, Infrared, visible, uv, xray, gamma ray
what are most stars made of
hydrogen and helium
After a super red giant expands as far as it can, it explodes; this is the largest explosion known in the universe
super nova
a) This is how bright a star actually is if you lined all of them up an equal distance from earth
b) This is how bright a star appears from Earth
a) absolute brightness
b) apparent brightness
where are most telescopes on earth and why
Mountains- high up = closer to space = better pics
90% of all stars are at this stage where energy is being released by fusion, most in universe
main sequence stars
Dark matter?
Dark energy?
Matter we can’t see but know is there because gravity
How the universe is expanding (again, can’t see)
difference between clusters
globular- many stars grouped in oval, open- few scattered stars
A contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass and starts forming the beginning of a star
proto star
After a medium/low-mass star swells into a red giant, it sheds the outer gases and forms this cloud-like beauty
planetary nebula
Huge group of stars, star systems, clusters and dust bound by gravity
Types
galaxy
Elliptical (oval), spiral (pinwheel), irregular- weird shape
This may result after a supernova of a super massive high-mass star
black hole or neutron star
Put in order the groups of stars
stars, star systems (binary stars, eclipsing binary, or multiple), clusters (open, globular), galaxies
Stars appear in different places at different times of year = connect the dots to find actual distance- less they move= further
parallax
What's a quasar?
Baby galaxy with a black hole
How is a star’s life cycle determined (what predicts how long it will live?)
the mass of the star- more mass, more gas used, faster it burns
(think more fuel on your campfire equals more boom and used faster)
Big bang theory?
What supports it?
Universe went from tiny and dense to boom big and expanding 14 billion years ago
(Hubble’s law- galaxies move away from us= expansion and cosmic background radiation = leftover light from big bang at edges of universe)
List the stages of a high mass stars' life in order from birth to death
What happens in each?
nebula, proto star, Main sequence star, super red giant, supernova, neutron star or black hole
(remember in class… dust and gas birth, pre-star starting fusion, full fusion, layers trying to escape Ms. Conte’s evil pressure, boom, left with leftover heat like you can feel from a heater after you turn it off (dwarf star, or neutron star (spinning), or black hole (gravity, no light)
List the stages of a medium or small mass star's life in order from birth to death
nebula, proto star, main sequence star, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf
Colors?
How to determine color?
Blue/white = hot, yellow = somewhat hot, red = cooler
Spectrograph- separates colors