State Functions and Reversibility
A state function only depends on these two states, and not the pathway.
What is final and initial?
The change in internal energy for an adiabatic process is always zero.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The natural variables for this quantity are P,T, and n of each component.
What is Gibbs Free energy?
The gas phase equilibrium constant is constant with respect to amount but with respect to this state variable.
What is temperature?
This is a solution where every component follows Raoult's law.
What is an ideal solution?
These are the variables that define the state of a system.
What is P,V,T, and n?
This law states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other, defining the concept of temperature.
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
A process occurring at constant T,P with a negative change in Gibbs energy.
What spontaneous process?
This quantity is equal to -RTln(Kp)
What is the standard state Gibbs energy?
If an liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor, this is the relationship between the chemical potential of the vapor and the liquid.
What is is the chemical potential of the vapor equals the chemical potential of the liquid?
The change in internal energy of a system that starts at room temperature, is frozen, melted, evaporated, and then condensed and allowed to cool back to room temperature.
What is delta U = 0?
You cannot build an engine that converts heat to work with 100% efficiency.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The partial derivative of a potential function with respect to the change in amount of one component, where the amounts of the other components are kept constant, along with the natural variables of that potential function.
What is chemical potential?
If the natural log of the equilibrium constant is measured at varying temperatures, the slope gives you this quantity, and the y intercept gives you this other quantity.
What are standard state change in enthalpy and standard state change in entropy?
When mixing the components of an ideal solution, this is true of the change in Gibbs energy, the change in entropy, the change in the volume of mixing, and the change in enthalpy, respectivly.
What is deltaG<0, deltaS>0, deltaVmix=0, deltaH=0?
This type of process occurs so slowly that the system is always close to equilibrium, allowing the process to reverse direction with no net change in entropy.
What is a reversible process?
The entropy of a perfect crystalline solid at 0 K is zero.
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
When a pure gas and a mixture of gasses are in equilibrium with each other, this is the relationship between the chemical potential of the pure gas and the chemical potential of same gas in the mixture.
What is chemical potential of pure gas equals the chemical potential of the gas in the mixture.
If your reaction is exothermic increasing the temperature will do this to the equilibrium constant?
What is decrease?
We use activity instead of mole fraction in the equilibrium constant when the component does not follow this law.
What is Rauolt's law? (not an ideal solution)
The relationship between the work and heat for a reversible isothermal process.
What is q = -w?
Then change in entropy for any irreversible process in an isolated system is always positive.
What is the Claussius Inequaity?
Mixing of gasses always leads to a increase in the change of this property.
What is entropy?
Equilibrium constants do not have units because the dependence of the chemical potential on pressure is defined with respect to this.
What is a reference pressure?
What is mean ionic chemical potential?