States of Matter
Change of State
Gas Behavior
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous Also
100
Which state of matter takes the shape of its container?
Liquid
100
What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy? What the is relationship between the two.
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Thermal energy measures the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. The greater the motion of particles, the higher a substance's temperature and thermal energy.
100
Explain happened to the balloon in liquid nitrogen. What law did this illustrate?
When placed in the very cold liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the gas particles decreased and it began to lose volume. This illustrates Charle's Law. Temperature and volume have a direct proportional relationship. When temperature decreases, volume decreases. When temperature increases, volume increases.
100
You see water in a puddle in your driveway before school but it is gone when you get home. The temperature outside was no where near 100C so the water did not boil. Explain what has happened.
The water evaporated. Only water particles at the surface gained enough energy from the sun to vaporize. This process continues until all the particles evaporate and the puddle is gone.
100
I filled oxygen balloons in each of my physical science classes with a small canister of compressed oxygen gas. What property of gases explain how I could fill many balloons with one small tank of oxygen?
Gases can be compressed into a smaller container, (which they were in the green oxygen tank that I brought in). When I turned the nozzle and pressure was released, the gas inside expanded to fill each balloon. Gases expand to fill any available space. We noticed that when I poured the liquid nitrogen on the floor and the gas expanded to fill the room.
200
True or False - The particle in a have no thermal energy and do not move.
False - The particles in a solid vibrate.
200
Look at the graph below. What is the melting point of the substance? How do you know? What is the freezing point of this substance? How do you know? 
The melting point is 0C. I know because that is where the graph first flattens.
The freezing point is also 0C. I know this because freezing point and the melting point of a substance are the same thing.
The melting/freezing point of a substance is defined as the temperature above which, the substance is liquid and below which, it is solid.
200
Jack left his basketball outside on a cool fall night and the temperature overnight got quite cold. When Jack came outside to play basketball in the morning, his ball felt flat and did not bounce. He could not find a hole in the ball and was puzzled? What happened? What law was this?
Because of the cooler temperature overnight, the pas particles in the ball lost thermal energy and the exerted less pressure on the inside of the balloon. The balloon did not have a hole and did not lose gas. This is an example of Charle's Law.
200
What law does this illustrate?
A slightly underinflated rubber life raft left in bright sunlight swells up.
Charle's Law
200
Will water boil at a higher temperature or a lower temperature than 100C at the top of a mountain? Why?
Water will boil at a lower temperature at the top of a mountain because there is less pressure.
300
Solids can either be __________________, meaning their particles are arranged in a regular pattern and they melt at a specific temperature. Or they can be ______________ with means their particles are not arranged in a specific pattern and they get softer as they are hearted and do not melt at a specific temperture.
Crystalline. Amorphous.
300
Look at the graph below. What happens to the temperature between D and E. What happens between E and F? Why?
Between D and E, the temperature stays the same. Between E and F the temperature increases. This is because when a substance is changing state, added energy is going toward changing the arrangement of the molecules. Once all the molecules are in a gas state (at point E) added energy will once again go to increasing the thermal energy (and temperature).
300
Boyle’s law relates what two variables that effect gases? What does the law say about this relationship?
Boyle's law relates to volume and pressure. It say that when one goes down, the other goes up.
300
The TSA says that peanut butter is not a solid - it is a liquid. Therefore to pass through airport security, peanut butter in a carry-on needs to be 3.4 oz. or less. Explain why peanut butter would be considered a liquid and not a solid.
Peanut butter is a liquid and not a solid because it takes the shape of its container. It is a highly viscous liquid. If it was an amorphous solid it would have a definite shape.
300
At what point on this graph is ALL of this substance melted? At what point is it ALL evaporated. How do you know?
All of the substance is melted at point C. I know because that is where the phase change stops and all temperature again begins to rise. At point E, all of the substance is evaporated. I know because that is where the phase change stops and the temperature again begins to rise.
400
Describe the particles in a liquid. How are they the same and different from the particles in a solid.
The particles in a solid and a liquid are both in contact with one another but in a liquid are not in a fixed position as they are in a solid.
400
Describe the arrangement of the particles between A and B, C and D and E and F.
Between A and B, the substance is a solid. It's particles are close together and vibrating. Between C and D the substance is a liquid. It's particles are close together but they are sliding around each other. Between E and F, the particles are a gas. The particles are far apart of moving in all directions.
400
According to Boyle's Law, what happens if the volume of a container is increased?
The pressure inside the container decreases.
400
What is vaporization? What are two ways a liquid can vaporize? Explain each.
Vaporization is the phase change between a liquid and a gas. Vaporization can take place with boiling and with evaporation. Boiling takes place below and at the surface of a liquid. Evaporation takes place only at the surface.
400
Describe the arrangement of the particles between B and C and between D and E.
Between B and C, the substance is melting. The solid particles are starting to move around and take shape of their container.
Between D and E, the particles are evaporating. They are starting to move with more energy. They are starting to spread out and fill the container.
500
What is surface tension? What is viscosity? What did we do to demonstrate each? What state of matter are they properties of?
Surface tension is a pull among the particles in a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface close together. Viscosity is the resistance to flowing. We demonstrated surface tension by floating a paper clip and viscosity by placing a marble in a cylinder of various liquids to see how fast it fell. They are both properties of liquids.
500
Is this substance water? How do you know?
It is not water because this substance evaporates at around 80C and the boiling point of water is 100C.
500
What law does this illustrate?
Pushing in the plunger of a plugged-up syringe decreases the volume of air trapped under the plunger.
Boyle's Law
500
Explain what we mean when we saw that volume and pressure are inversely proportional? Which of our gas laws is inversely proportional?
It means that when one goes up the other goes down and when one goes down the other goes up. This applies to Boyle's Law.
500
What is sublimation? Give two examples.
Sublimation is the change of state from a solid directly to a gas. Ice and snow can sublimate to a gas in temperatures that remain below freezing. This is why ice cubes in a freezer will become smaller if left in the freezer for a very long time. Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide that sublimates directly into a gas at room temperature.