State which fallacy or no fallacy
When an argument gives a conclusion about all or most members of a large group based on observations of a very small number of members of that group.
Hasty generalization
When it’s claimed that the antecedent of a conditional must be false because the consequent of the conditional is false.
No fallacy
When an argument uses strong feelings to get people to accept a conclusion even though no good reasons have been given for that conclusion.
Appeal to emotion
When an argument claims that we must not do something based on an implausible idea that doing that thing would start a chain reaction that would end in terrible consequences.
Slippery slope argument
When it’s claimed that doing something is good simply on the basis that most people do it.
Appeal to popularity
When it’s claimed that something must be true because somebody important says its true—even when that important person is likely to be biased.
Appeal to authority
When it’s claimed that the consequent of a conditional must be false simply because the antecedent of the conditional is false.
Denying the antecedent
When it’s argued that one event made another event happen based on the fact that the first kind of event is correlated with the second kind of event.
False cause
When it’s claimed that the antecedent of a conditional must be true because the consequent of the conditional is true.
Affirming the consequent
When it’s argued that something must be true because a famous person says its true.
Appeal to authority
When it’s claimed that something must be true because most people believe it.
Appeal to popularity
When it’s argued that we should do help somebody by doing something for them because that person has had a really hard time (even though the fact that they have had a hard time isn’t a good reason to help them out in that way).
Appeal to emotion
When it’s argued that one thing caused a second thing just because the one thing happened before the second thing.
False cause
When it’s argued that all members of a group have some quality based on the fact that one type of member from that group has that quality.
Hasty generalization
When it’s claimed that the consequent of a conditional must be true because the antecedent is true.
No fallacy