What is sleep?
Consciousness
What is the awareness of internal and external stimuli?
The number of stages.
What are four stages?
A chronic disorder of difficulty falling or staying asleep; is the most common sleep disorder.
What is insomnia?
These secrete a number of hormones during sleep.
What are the pituitary and pineal glands?
A compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences.
What is substance abuse disorder?
Sleep
What is a state of low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness?
The low frequency, high altitude waves mainly produced in the first stage of sleep.
What are alpha waves?
When a sleeper engages in complex behaviors, such as walking around but is not responsive to communication attempts.
What is sleepwalking?
The brain's clock mechanism located in the hypothalamus.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
Changes in normal bodily functions; when a user experiences withdrawal from cessation of drug use.
What is physical dependance?
Melatonin
What is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles?
A very high amplitude pattern of brain activity the occurs in response to environmental stimuli.
What is K-complex?
Brief episodes in which a sleeper's breathing stops.
What is sleep apnea?
The method used to visualize brain activity.
What is electroencephalography (EEG)?
When a user has an emotional need for a drug or uses a drug to relieve psychological distress.
What is psychological dependence?
A biological rhythm that takes place over a 24-hour period of time; an example of this is the sleep cycle.
What is circadian rhythm?
non-REM (NREM)
What are the first three stages of sleep?
The irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours; shares features with REM sleep.
What is narcolepsy?
This regulates REM sleep.
What is the pons?
A variety of symptoms upon cessation of drug use.
What is withdrawal?
The homeostatic regulation for sleep.
What is sleep rebound?
Rapid eye movement, paralysis of voluntary muscles, and dreams occur in this stage.
What is REM?
When muscle paralysis during REM sleep does not occur.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
The parts of the brain that regulate sleep.
What are the pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thalamus, SCN, and pons?
When a user needs to take more of a drug to achieve the previous effect at lower doses.
What is tolerance?