Solids
Describe the shape and volume of a solid.
Definite shape and volume
Describe the shape and volume of a liquid.
Definite volume but no shape of its own
Describe the shape and volume of a gas.
No definite shape or volume
Solid to liquid
Melting
What are the names of the two laws that govern gas behavior?
Charles' Law and Boyle's Law
Describe the particles of a solid.
Describe the particles of a liquid.
The particles move around one another freely
Describe the particles of a gas.
They move in all directions and spread out to fill the space available.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
What happens to the pressure of a gas when you increase the temperature of that gas?
The pressure increases.
What type of solid is salt?
Crystalline
What allows a needle to float on the surface of the water?
Surface tension
What unit is used to measure the volume of a gas?
milliliters (mL)
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
What happens to the volume of a gas if you decrease the temperature of the gas?
The volume decreases.
What type of solid is butter?
Amorphous
What unit is used to measure the pressure gas is under?
Pascals
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Evaporation occurs only on the surface of a liquid while boiling occurs on and below the surface.
What happens to the volume of a gas if you increase the pressure that it is under?
The volume decreases.
What are the two differences between the two types of solids?
The arrangement of their particles OR whether or not they melt at a distinct temperature
What causes water to form a "skin" on the top?
Cohesion or the attraction between the molecules on the surface of water
What two things do you need to know about a gas to determine the pressure that a gas is under?
The area the gas occupies and the force applied to the gas.
How would you know if an unknown substance is reaching its melting point and not its freezing point?
If thermal energy is being added and not removed
What is the difference between a directly proportional and inversely proportional relationship?
In a directly proportional relationship, the variables increase or decrease together at the same rate. In an inversely proportional relationship, when one variable increases, the other decreases at the same rate.