States of Matter
What are the 4 states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Define "matter"
Anything that takes up space and has mass
What is a phase change?
A phase change is when a substance changes from one form to another. Think about ice melting into water or water boiling into steam.
What is the freezing and boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
0 and 100
What happens to most materials when they are cooled?
They contract/ get smaller
Describe the behavior of particles in a solid
close together- vibrating but not moving freely
define 'particles'
The tiny pieces that make up matter
True or False, phase changes are reversible
TRUE
What poisonous substance were thermometers made with in the past?
Mercury
What happens to most building materials when they are heated?
They expand/ get bigger
Describe what happens to the particles in a liquid when they begin to cool
The particles slow down and get closer together
Define 'intermolecular force'
The force between molecules that helps hold them together or pulls them apart.
True or false, the volume always stays the same during a phase change.
FALSE
Water is most dense at what temperature
4 degrees Celsius
Explain what happens to roads when temperatures fluctuate significantly.
Answers will vary... cracking, potholes etc.
What state of matter can flow freely but maintains a constant volume?
liquid
Explain 'condensation'
It's when a gas turns into a liquid.
True or false, the intermolecular force weakens when a liquid turns to a sold.
FALSE
Fill in the blanks:
Ice on a lake forms a ______________ ____________ that keeps the water below a constant temperature.
protective layer/ barrier/ blanket
Explain why an iceberg floats on water? Be specific!
Ice is actually less dense than water as the particles spread out in a crystalline pattern so it is able to float due to the lower density
Explain what happens to the particles in water as they become water vapor
They speed up and spread out, moving quickly
Explain 'conservation of mass'
When matter goes through a phase change, like ice melting into water, its volume might change but it's mass does not
What is the name of the phase change when a liquid turns into a gas?
evaporation
What term explains why the liquid in a thermometer spreads out and moves up the thermometer when it is heated.
Thermal Expansion
Explain how an expansion joint protects a brick wall during temperature changes.
Answers will vary- it maintains a space so bricks will not crack when they expand but there will also not be an open gap when they contract