States of Matter
What are the 4 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
In which state are particles closest together?
Solid
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
What happens to particles when heat is added?
They move faster
What is the change of state called when a solid turns into a liquid?
Melting
Which state of matter has fixed shape and volume?
Solid
How are particles arranged in a liquid?
Close together but not in a fixed pattern
Where are particles more crowded: high or low concentration?
High concentration
What happens to particles when a substance is cooled?
They move slower
What is the change of state called when a liquid turns into a gas?
Evaporation
Which state of matter can flow and take the shape of its container
liquid
How are particles arranged in a gas?
Far apart and randomly arranged
In which state does diffusion happen fastest?
Gas
What change of state occurs when a liquid is heated to gas
Liquid → gas (evaporation/boiling)
Give a real-life example of evaporation.
Wet clothes drying in the sun / a puddle disappearing
Why do gases not have fixed shape or volume?
Liquid particles can move past each other, but solid particles vibrate in place
Why is diffusion slower in liquids than gases?
Particles are closer together and move more slowly
Why does heating increase the rate of diffusion?
Particles gain energy and move faster
What is it called when gas becomes liquid
Condensation
Explain the difference between solids and gases using particle movement
In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions, while in gases particles move freely and quickly in all directions
Compare particle arrangement and movement in solids, liquids, and gases
Solids: tightly packed, vibrate in place; liquids: close but move around each other; gases: far apart and move freely
What is happening to the particles when a perfume (gas) is being sprayed into the air (gas)
When a perfume is sprayed in the air the particles spread out and move to the areas of lower concentration
Explain what happens to particles during melting
break out of fixed positions to move past each other
What is it called when gas becomes solid?