Why is the atmosphere so important?
Give an example of human activities that affect air quality
1. Burning Fossil Fuels
2. Deforestation
3. Using fertilizers
What are the three states of matter
-solid
-liquid
-gas
What is the Brownian motion?
The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas
What are the properties of a solid?
1. Has a definite shape and volume
2. Is virtually incompressible
3. does not flow easily
What does a higher temperature mean?
more particle motion = higher kinetic energy
What does the atmosphere protect us from?
Harmful ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun
Why are gases more compressible than solids and liquids?
Their particles are widely spaced and not strongly bonded, making it easy to decrease the volume by pushing particles closer together.
How do entities move?
Translational motion
Rotational motion
vibrational motion
Why are liquids not as strong as solids?
The entities in a typical liquid are not as strong as solids because they are farther apart
How does temperature affect kinetic energy?
When temperature increases, particles gain energy and move faster, so their kinetic energy increases.
When temperature decreases, particles lose energy and move more slowly, so their kinetic energy decreases.
What % does Oxygen make up of the air you breathe
Oxygen only makes up 21% of the air you breathe
How does the energy of particles vary between the three states of matter?
Particle energy is lowest in solids, higher in liquids, and highest in gases because particles move more freely as the forces between them get weaker.
What is the kinetic molecular theory?
The idea that all substances are composed of entities that are in constant, random motion
What is Rotational motion?
-The spinning of an entity in place
-in gases and liquids
-very limited in soilds
How does particle motion differ in solids, liquids, and gases?
particle motion increases from solids, liquids, to gases
Why is Earth’s atmosphere essential for life?
-provides Oxygen and other Gases
-protects from harmful Radiation
-Regulates Temperature
-Maintains Water Cycle
Why are solids difficult to compress?
They maintain their volume and shape because the forces of attraction between entities are quite strong
Why do strong attractions limit motion?
The stronger the attraction, the more restricted the particles are
What are the three ways entities move?
-Translational
-Rotational
-vibrational
How does the motion of particles change as temperature increases or decreases?
As temperature increases, particles move faster because they gain more energy. As temperature decreases, particles move slower because they lose energy.
Why can't human life exist on a planet without an atmosphere?
The atmosphere traps solar energy during each day to prevent us from freezing at night
Why can liquids flow and take the shape of their container?
The particles flow more freely and have weaker attractions
Why is Translational motion the most significant?
Results in frequent, random collisions between entities in gases
Why do liquids exhibit all three forms of motion to some extent?
their attractive forces are weaker than those in soilds
As more energy is transferred to a solid, what happens to its entities?
Its entities vibrate even faster