Solids, Liquids & Gases
Energy
Phase Changes (Changes in State)
Vocabulary
Random
100
What has a definite volume but not a definite shape
a liquid
100
What are the two types of energy all substances have?
kinetic and potential
100
Which phase change (change of state) is when a solid turns into a liquid?
melting
100
What word refers to the amount of space a substance takes up?
volume
100
Which law shows the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas?
Charles's Law
Bonus: Worth 100 more pts.
Give an example of this law.
200
What has a definite shape and definite volume?
a solid
200
Which state of matter has no potential energy and all kinetic energy?
gas
200
Which phase change (change of state) is when a gas becomes a liquid?
Earn an extra 100 pts. if you can give an example of this.
condensation
Ex) fog, water on the outside of a glass, water on your mirror after a shower, clouds, etc.
200
What is the force that pulls molecules together on the surface of a liquid?
surface tension
200
Which substance has greater thermal energy?
A. 50 g of a liquid at 50°C
B. 300 g of a liquid at 50°C
B: 300 g of a liquid has a greater mass so it has more total energy which makes it have greater thermal energy
300
In which state do particles move extremely quickly and bounce off each other?
gas
300
Which state of matter has the greatest potential energy and the least kinetic energy?
solid
300
Which phase change (change of state) is when a liquid becomes a gas?
vaporization (or evaporation)
300
What word refers to a liquid's resistance to flow?
viscosity
Bonus - if you got this correct, answer this additional question for another 100 pts.
Which has higher viscosity, water or honey?
300
DAILY DOUBLE *worth 600 pts.
Which phase changes (changes in state) require the removal of thermal energy (heat)?
Which phase changes (changes in state) require the addition of thermal energy (heat)?
Removal: freezing and condensation
Adding: melting and vaporization (also sublimation - but not required to get the 600 pts)
400
Which type of solid does this particle arrangement represent?
For an extra 200 pts, which solid has particles randomly arranged?
crystalline
Bonus: amorphous
400
DAILY DOUBLE *worth 800 pts.
What must happen for matter to change states?
It must gain or lose energy (heat).
400
Which phase change (change of state) is when a liquid becomes a solid?
freezing
400
What word is defined as the total energy of all the particles in a substance?
thermal energy (heat)
400
What happens to a substance's particles when its kinetic energy increases?
the particles move faster and, if moving fast enough, can change state
500
In which state of matter can the substance be compressed when put under pressure and can expand when the pressure is released?
gas
Bonus: For another 100 pts., which of the gas laws is this an example of (ex - helium tank)500
Which pot of water will boil at a lower temperature, the one at an altitude of 5,000 ft or the one at an altitude of 10,000 ft?
Bonus: For an extra 200 pts. explain why
The pot at the higher altitude will boil at a lower temperature.
Bonus: The higher the altitude, the lower the pressure. This makes it easier for the gas particles to escape.
500
DAILY DOUBLE *for 1000 pts.
What are the two types of vaporization and how are they different?
evaporation: happens only on the surface of the liquid; happens slowly
boiling: happens below and on top of the liquid; happens quickly
500
What word is defined as the average kinetic energy of a substance?
temperature
500
DAILY DOUBLE *1000 pts.
Describe the movement and arrangement of the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
SOLID: vibrating in place and packed close together
LIQUID: move around more but still fairly close together
GAS: moving quickly and spread far apart