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Kinetic Molecular Theory/General States of Matter
Gases
Solids and Liquids
Intermolecular Forces
Phase Changes
100
True or False, All particles in all phases of matter are constantly in motion?
True
100
What is the name of the instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure?
barometer
100
What is an amorphous solid?
a solid, such as rubber or plastic, that lacks an organized internal structure
100
What is the difference between intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces?
intramolecular forces are between atoms in a molecule or compound (i.e. ionic or covalent) and intermolecular forces are between different molecules or formula units
100
Is a phase change a physical or chemical change?
physical
200
What type of energy do particles in motion have?
kinetic energy
200
Gas particles always move from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration.
high to low
200
What happens to viscosity of a liquid when temperature increases?
viscosity decreases as temperature increases
200
What type of intermolecular force is the weakest?
london dispersion
200
What is it called when a gas turns into a liquid?
condensation
300
The KMT, as it applies to gases, states that all collisions between gas particles are perfectly_____________.
elastic
300
What is the difference between diffusion and effusion?
diffusion-gas spreading out (not contained), effusion is gas coming out of a tiny hole in a container
300
What is capillary action?
when a liquid moves up a narrow tube because of cohesion and adhesion
300
Dipole-dipole interactions only occur between molecules that are __________.
polar
300
Does vaporization require energy?
yes
400
What does STP stand for? Give a value for each of the two variables.
standard temperature and pressure- 0 degrees C and 101.3kPa
400
How much faster does methane (CH4) effuse than propane (C3H8)?
1.65 times
400
What is a unit cell? Give 3 names of different unit cells.
smallest group of particles in a crystalline solid that has the same shape, this repeats over and over to make the crystal lattice structure-cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic, hexagonal, rhombohedral
400
Which three atoms must hydrogen be bonded to to be considered hydrogen bonding?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Flourine
400
What is it called when a solid goes directly to a gas?
sublimation
500
The KMT, as it applies to gases, states that there is no ______________ or ______________ between gas particles.
attraction, repulsion
500
What is the definition of absolute zero? What is the hypothetical numerical value for absolute zero?
the temperature that is so cold that all particle motion stops, 0 K or -273 degrees C
500
What is an allotrope?
when an element can make more than one different kind of structure i.e. carbon makes diamonds, graphite, etc.
500
What are the two requirements a compound or molecule must have to be polar?
1. must be assymetrical 2. must have a difference in electronegativity greater than 0.5 between the atoms
500
Name two phase changes that release energy.
condensation, freezing, deposition