Show:
Three States of Matter
Three States of Matter Cont'd
Behavior of Gases
Changes of State
Applying Concepts
100
A solid is the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
What is a solid?
100
Surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid. It is a special property of liquids.
What is surface tension?
100
Pressure is the amount of force exerted on a given area of surface.
What is pressure?
100
Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid changes directly into a gas.
What is sublimation?
100
Apple juice is a liquid. Bread is a solid. A textbook is a solid. Steam is a gas.
Classify each substance according to its state of matter: apple juice, bread, a textbook, and steam.
200
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules.
What is matter made up of?
200
Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow. It is an important property of liquids.
What is viscosity?
200
Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up.
What is volume?
200
Condensation is the change of state form a gas to a liquid.
What is condensation?
200
The volume of the balloon will decrease. When the air particles inside the balloon become cooler, they slow down and do not hit the inside of the balloon as often, so the balloon's volume decreases.
What happens to the volume of a balloon that is taken outside on a cold winter day? Explain.
300
States of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. The most familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
What are the states of matter?
300
Gas is the state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
What is a gas?
300
Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely related to the pressure.
What is Boyle's law?
300
A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form to another.
What is a change of state?
300
Sublimation; The solid crystals were heated and turned directly into vapor.
Solid crystals of iodine were placed in a flask. The top of the flask was covered with aluminum foil. The flask was gently heated. Soon, the flask was filled with a reddish gas. What change of state took place? Explain your answer.
400
Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
What is liquid?
400
The particles in a crystalline solid are are arranged in a repeating pattern of rows that forms an orderly, three-dimensional arrangement.
How are the particles in a crystalline solid arranged?
400
Charles's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas changes in the same way that the temperature of the gas changes.
What is Charles's law?
400
Evaporation is a physical change.
Is evaporation a physical or a chemical change?
400
No; Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. It undergoes sublimation and turns into a vapor.
Would using dry ice in your holiday punch cause it to become watery after several hours? Why or why not?
500
Crystalline and amorphous. Crystalline solids have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement of particles. Amorphous solids do not have a special arrangement.
What are two kinds of solids?
500
The particles in a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them. The particles slide past each other until the liquid takes the shape of the container.
Describe the movement of the particles in a liquid.
500
There are more particles of gas in the basketball than there are in the beach ball. More particles hit the inside surface of the basketball, which cuases increased force.
Why is the pressure greater in a basketball than in a beach ball?
500
Because the temperature of a substance is related to the speed of the substance's particles, when the temperature of a substance changes, the speed of the particles also changes. The temperature does not change until the change of state is complete.
Explain the relationship between the particles of a substance and the temperature of a substance as it changes state.
500
Boyle's law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. If the volume is tripled, the pressure of the gas would drop to one-third of the original value.
What happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of gas is tripled at a constant temperature?