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100

This is the collection of facts, measurements, or observations gathered for reference or analysis

Data

100

This is a numerical description of a sample characteristic.

Statistic

100

This is data classified into categories with no natural order or ranking.

Nominal level of measurement

100

This study type applies treatments to subjects and measures the effect.

Experiment

100

This occurs when participants experience changes simply because they believe they received treatment.

Placebo Effect

200

This is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data.

Statistics

200

This branch of statistics involves summarizing or describing data using tables, charts, or averages.

Descriptive Statistics

200

This is data classified into categories that can be ranked, but differences are not measurable.

Ordinal level of measurement

200

This study type uses a model or computer program to mimic real-world processes.

Simulation

200

This is when subjects do not know whether they are receiving treatment or a placebo.

Blinding

300

This is the entire group of individuals or objects under study.

Population 

300

This branch of statistics makes generalizations, predictions, or decisions about a population based on a sample.

Inferential Statistics

300

This is data with ordered categories and measurable differences, but no true zero point.

Interval level of measurement

300

This method collects data by asking people questions.

Survey

300

This is when neither the subjects nor the researchers know who receives the treatment or placebo.

Double blind

400

This is a subset of the population chosen for study.

Sample

400

These are non-numeric data that describe categories or qualities.

Qualitative Data

400

This is data with ordered categories, measurable differences, and a meaningful zero, allowing ratios to be compared.

Ratio level of measurement

400

This is the standard for comparison in an experiment, often a group without treatment.

Control

400

This is the process of assigning subjects to groups by chance.

Randomization

500

This is a numerical description of a population characteristic

Parameter

500

These are numeric data that measure counts or amounts.

Quantitative Data

500

This study type observes subjects without manipulating variables.

Observational Study

500

These are outside factors that can influence results and make it difficult to identify cause and effect.

Confounding Variables

500

This design randomly assigns all subjects to either treatment or control groups.

Completely randomized design