Planning and Conducting Research
A Variable that alters the status of another variable is
Independent Variable
2. Stratified Random Sampling
3. Cluster Sampling
systemic error
How many threats to internal validity are there?
1. Maturation
2. History
3. Testing
4. Instrumentation
5. Statistical regression
6. Selection
7. Attrition
8.Interactions with Selection
If a research study believed that the beneficial effects of Self-control procedure on the academic achievement of children with ADHD is to its effects on self-efficacy beliefs. Self-efficacy would be a
Mediating/Mediator variable.
In a study on the effects of therapy and phenothiazine on the WAIS scores of inpatient patients with Schizophrenia, rather than randomly selecting patients from all mental health programs, selecting from 10 random in-patient programs and including all patients with schizophrenia in those programs is an example of?
Cluster sampling
Random Error is
Error due to random fluctuation in subjects, environmental conditions and methods of measurement
Changes in the accuracy or sensitivity of measuring devices or procedures during the course of the study can confound the study's results. this is provide example
This is Instrumentation, for example if tha raters accuracy increases over time, any change in the subjects pretest and posttest performance might be due to the raters increased accuracy rather then the independent variable (IV)
If a study finds that CBT is more effective for treating adolescents with social anxiety when adolescents have authoritative parents then when they have authoritarian parents. Parenting styles would be
Moderating/Moderator Variable
When every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample without one member affecting another member this is known as
Simple random sampling
Confounding Variables are
The same as extraneous variables and are a source of systemic error
The tendency of extreme scores on a measure to "regress" (move) toward the mean when the measure is readministered to the same group of people is called a
Statistical regression
For complex interactions and behaviors that have no clear beginning or end, the method used is known as
Interval recording, interval sampling, time sampling.
Gender, Age, education level, SES and Ethnicity are all known as what in relationship to sampling?
Strata or specific
Name the 5 ways to control for a systemic error.
1.Random assignment of subjects to treatment group
2. Holding the extraneous variable constant
3. Matching subjects on the extraneous variable
4. Building the extraneous variable into the study also known as "Blocking"
5. Statistical control of the Extraneous Variable
When the subject as access to questions of a test prior to the testing, and or has an increased memory, or practice effect this is an example of what type of threat to validity?
Testing
The different types of measuring variables are? (provide an explanation)
Interval recording/sampling and time sampling- observing and recording behavior in a set duration of time like, 30 minutes with a set interval time of 15 sec to record the behavior.
Event recording/sampling- Observing and recording behavior each time it occurs
Bonus: Alternative method
Situational Sampling/Sequential analysis- Coding behavioral sequences in a number of settings rather then isolated behavioral events to identify complex patterns.
Extraneous variable
Attrition