Statistical Inference
What are the 4 C's in an inferencing process?
Choose, Conditions, Calculate, Conclude
What is the term that describes the probability of NOT getting a certain event?
The complement
What do you need to show causation in an experiment?
Random Assignment
How do you find the residual of a value?
You find the difference between the actual observed value and what it was predicted to be
State the parameter and statistic used in a linear regression t test
Parameter: Slope of the population LSRL relating variable one and variable two
Statistic: Slope of the sample LSRL relating variable one and variable two
What is the probability that we all score 5 on the AP stats exam?
What is 0%
Name 3 ways of sampling
Simple random sample
Stratified random sample
Cluster random sample
Systematic random sample
What is the major weakness of a box plot?
It is hard to tell normality
What is the acronymn for the conditions that need to be met in a linear regression t test?
Linear
Independent
Normal Distribution
Equal SD
Random
LINER
What conditions need to be met to confirm a geometric probability setting?
Binomial - The event can only be a success or failure
Independence - Each trial is independent where the outcome of one does not affect the other in any way
Trials - Fixed number of trials to measure until success
Same Probability - Each trial must have the same probability of success
What differentiates a study from an experiment?
A study purely observes some variable in a sample without intervening. An experiment assigns treatments to sample units, looking to control the outcome.
What is the total area of a chi-squared distribution equal to?
What is 1
State the Inference procedure best used for the following problem:
Many high schools survey graduating classes to determine the plans of the graduates. We are interested to see if the plans of students in high school from 5 different regions of the US are the same.
X2 Test for Homogeneity
What parameter do you need to input into binomcdf?
What is:
number of trials
probability of success
x-value
State the difference between response and non-response bias
nonresponse deals with the bias when certain groups of people do not respond/give input in a survey/sample. Response bias deals with when people do not answer truthfully.
What happens when the 10% condition is not met?
Events/trials may not be independent, and your results may not be accurate.
Identify the correct Inference procedure:
Estimate the difference in mean grip strength for patients who underwent carpal tunnel surgery using endoscopy and patients who underwent open-incision surgery.
Two-sample t interval for difference in means
State the difference between experimental and theoretical probability
Theoretical gives the number of outcomes that fit the condition over all possible outcomes. Experimental is what you observe in a trial or sample.
What are the 4 principles of experimental design?
Randomization, replication, control, comparison
You have a strong linear LSRL plotted on a scatterplot. You add a point below the LSRL on the mean x value. What happens to the slope?
It does not change.