Sampling Distributions
A researcher wants to know the proportion of household cats in the United States that are polydactyl cats (cats with extra toes), the researcher wants to make sure they survey households from each state. What sampling distribution should they use?
What is stratified random
y-intercept
What is “the predicted [y-context] when [x=0 context] is [y-intercept]”
Last year the mean number of blobfish per country was 10. A researcher wants to look into 31 countries this year and is interested in whether the mean number of blobfish per country has changed.
What is 1 sample t-test for population mean
What is results are unlikely to occur purely by chance
Probability of A and B
What is P(A) x P(B)
A team of researchers want to know how many students eat fast food for lunch at a particular high school, they want to use a simple random sample of all students at the high school. How could they collect this sample?
What is number all students and use a random number generator
OR
What is write all students names down on pieces of paper and draw names
Slope
How likely are people who see a kitten on the side of the road to take it home? A total of 200 people were surveyed.
Residual
What is the prediction error
Probability of B given A (if A and B are independent)
A researcher wants to know how many people in Florida have fed an alligator, but they only sample individuals at the local Jimmy Johns. What type of sampling bias is this?
What is convenience
Confidence interval
What is “we are []% confident the true [context] is between the intervals [] and []”
A person will try to kick a soccer ball into a goal 30 times with a 0.4 probability of making a goal, assume each trial is independent. The person wants to know the probability of making 28 out of 30 soccer balls into the goal.
What is binomial
Experimental unit
What is what/who treatment is imposed on
Probability of A or B (if mutually exclusive)
What is P(A) + P(B)
Non response bias
What is non given data differs from given data (i.e., only those with strong opinions will respond)
Residual
What is “the actual [context] was [residual] above/below the predicted value for [X]”
Are average test scores higher when a therapy dog is present? To answer this question researchers asked 400 students to take a test with a therapy dog and a test without.
What is paired sample t-test
Mutually exclusive
What is cannot occur at the same time
Probability of B given A (if A and B are not independent)
What is P(A and B) / P(A)
A researcher looking into the average size of families in Montana is worried there may be an under coverage bias in their sample based on if people live in rural or urban areas, how can this be solved
What is stratified random
Significance Test
Because [p-value] is greater/less than [alpha], we fail to reject/reject the null hypothesis and do not/do have convincing evidence for the alternative hypothesis.”
A restaurant is having a 20% off deal on Dr. Pepper, each customers order is independent and there is a .8 probability of ordering a Dr. Pepper. The restaurant wants to know the probability that the 5th customer to order is the first to order a Dr. Pepper.
What is Geometric
Continuous random variables
What is has infinite values with no gaps over a specific range
Probability of A or B (if not mutually exclusive)
What is P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)