Chapter 1
Vocabulary: Define "Streak"
A set of one or more consecutive outcomes that are all the same.
Vocabulary: What is a categorical variable and a quantitative variable?
Categorical: Assigns labels that place individuals into groups, values are typically expressed with words, such as win, home, or right handed
Quantitative: Takes number values to find an average
Vocabulary: What is an explanatory variable?
May help predict or explain changes in a response variable. Sometimes called a predictor variable.
Vocabulary: What does the word "confounded" mean?
Two or more variables are confounded if it is impossible to determine which variable is causing a change in the response variable
Vocabulary: What does the word "mutually exclusive" mean?
Events A and B are mutually exclusive if they cannot occur together. That is, P(A and B) = 0
How many streaks are in the following set of data?
Y Y Y N Y N N N Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N N
12
What type of graph is being described: Displays categorical variables as segments of a rectangle, with the area of each segment proportional to the frequency of the corresponding outcome?
Segmented Bar Chart
Explanatory: Time studying
Response: Quiz grade
What is the difference between an observational study and an experiment?
Observational study: collect data on observations, don't interfere, no treatments, create conclusions from data that has already occurred.
Experiment: Deliberately assigns treatments to subjects to see if changes in the explanatory variable cause changes in the response variable
What is the probability that a flight is late given that it was an international flight?
7/60
True or False: A teams ability it an unknown number.
True
Identify the Variables and the Individual in the following example and identify if it is quantitative or categorical: A salary of a baseball player and his position.
Variable: Salary (quantitative) and position (categorical)
Individual: Baseball player
Fill out the following two way table on the back of your paper.
See white board.
Is the following example an experiment or an observational study: To determine the effectiveness of voluntary off-season training, a Track and Field coach records the number of times each runner comes to optional summer workouts and their results in the first meet of the season.
Observational Study
What is one of the formulas for independence?
P(A | B) = P(A)
P(B | A) = P(B)
Barry Bonds hit a total of 37 homeruns in the first two months of the 2006 MLB season with the SF Giants. Is this an example of a performance or an ability?
Performance
What are the two types of hypotheses?
Null and Alternative
Find the difference in percent (Home - Away) using the data on the back of your Jeopardy paper.
0%
What does it mean when the subjects are "blind" in an experiment?
Subjects are considered blind if they do not know what treatment they are receiving
p + 0.47 - 0.47p --> 0.53p +0.47
When calculating the p-value for problems that focus on streakiness, what value do you use to create a box for the dot plot of a simulation?
Number of Streaks
When calculating the p- value for problems comparing someone's performance with their ability, what value you do use to create a box on the dot plot from the simulation?
The athletes performance from the problem.
How do you determine which way the box goes when calculating the p-value?
The alternative hypothesis will say greater than (box goes right) or less than (box goes left).
What is the difference between a Type I and a Type II error?
Type I: There is convincing evidence when in reality there isn't.
Type II: There is not convincing evidence when in reality there is.
What is the probability of Federer missing his first serve given that he lost?
P(missing first serve | lost) = 0.534