Probability
When rolling a fair six-sided die, this is the probability of rolling an even number.
What is 1/2 (or 0.5 or 50%)?
This distribution has the classic 'bell curve' shape.
What is the normal distribution?
This term describes how well a sample represents the population from which it was drawn
What is representativeness?
This value represents the middle point of a data set where half the values are above and half below
What is the median?
This simple plot shows the frequency distribution of a single variable
What is a histogram?
This term describes how spread out the values in a dataset are from the mean.
What is standard deviation (or variance)?
This principle states that in a random experiment, the sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes equals 1.
What is 1/2 (or 0.5 or 50%)?
his distribution models the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials, each with the same probability of success.
What is the binomial distribution?
This type of sampling gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected.
What is random sampling (or simple random sampling)?
This test is used to compare means between two independent groups
What is the t-test?
This plot shows the relationship between two numerical variables as points on a coordinate plane.
What is a scatter plot?
This value indicates the likelihood of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is correct.
What is the p-value?
This type of probability calculation updates beliefs based on new evidence or information
What is Bayesian probability?
This distribution has parameters λ (lambda) and is often used to model the number of events occurring within a fixed time interval.
What is the Poisson distribution?
This is the difference between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter it estimates.
What is sampling error?
This type of analysis examines the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables
What is regression analysis?
This visualization displays the distribution of data through their quartiles and identifies outliers
What is a box plot (or box-and-whisker plot)?
This type of error occurs when we incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis.
What is Type I error?
This rule states that the probability of event A or event B occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of their intersection
What is the addition rule? (or What is P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)?)
This distribution is used to compare the variance of two samples and is commonly used in ANOVA.
What is the F-distribution?
This is the range of values within which a population parameter is estimated to lie, with a specified level of confidence.
What is a confidence interval?
This value tells us how far a data point is from the mean in terms of standard deviations
What is a z-score?
This type of graph uses vertical or horizontal bars to represent the frequency of different categories of data
What is a bar chart (or bar graph)?
This measure tells us how much two variables change together and ranges from -1 to +1.
What is correlation coefficient?
In probability theory, this is defined as the expected number of trials needed to get the first success in a Bernoulli experiment."
What is the geometric distribution?
When independent random variables are added together, their sum tends toward this distribution regardless of the original distributions.
What is the normal distribution? (Central Limit Theorem)
This principle states that as sample size increases, the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution.
What is the Central Limit Theorem?
This type of analysis is used to determine if there are significant differences between the means of three or more groups
What is ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)?
This type of plot connects data points with straight lines and is often used to show changes over time.
What is a line graph (or line chart)?
This value represents the percentage of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variables in a regression model
What is R-squared (or coefficient of determination)?