Unit 1
What type of variables place individuals into specific groups?
Categorical variables
What is a table of counts that summarizes data on the relationship between two categorical variables for some group of individuals?
Two-way table
What is it called when a sample is composed entirely of volunteers or people who choose to participate, the sample will typically not be representative of the population?
Voluntary Response Bias
What are all possible outcomes in a random experiment called?
Sample Space
What is the number that sets the boundary for out confidence interval called? Ex: z* and t*
Critical Value
What type of variable takes on numerical values for which it makes sense to do arithmetic operations like adding and averaging?
Quantitative variables
What gives the percent or proportion of all individuals that have a specific value for one of the categorical variables?
Marginal relative frequencies
What occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample?
Undercoverage
What is a specific outcome or collection of outcomes?
Event
What theorem says that when n is large, the sample distribution of the sample mean x-bar is approximately Normal, no matter what shape your population is?
Central Limit Theorem
What types of variables are numerical values where counting makes sense? In other words, decimals would typically not be an appropriate way to record the data.
Discrete variables
What gives the percent or proportion of all individuals that have a specific value for one categorical variable and a specific value for another categorical variable.
Joint relative frequencies
What occurs when an individual chosen for a sample can’t be contacted or refuses to respond?
Nonresponse
What law states that simulated probabilities tend to get closer to the true probability as the number of trials increases?
The Law of Large Numbers
What is a number that describes some characteristic of a population?
What type of variable are numerical values where long decimals are appropriate; it usually involves some form of measuring. The values take place on a continuous interval.
Continuous variables
What gives the percent or proportion of individuals that have a specific value for one categorical variable among individuals who share the same value of another categorical variable?
Conditional relative frequencies
What is a special name for experimental units that are living beings?
Subjects
What imitates chance behaivor, based on a model that accurately reflects the situation?
Simulation
Statistic
What is an individual piece of data that falls outside the overall pattern of the distribution?
Outlier
What is a modified segmented bar graph in which the width of each rectangle is proportional to the number of individuals in the corresponding category? It’s just a slightly more informative segmented bar graph.
Mosaic plot
What is a special condition applied to experimental units?
Treatment
What are two events that do not influence each other called?
Independent
What referes to the fact that different random samples of the same size from the same population produce different values for a statistic?
Sampling Variability