Central Tendency
The most common value in a dataset
What is the mode?
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a dataset
What is the range?
This type of chart is used to show how one or more variables change over time, with the data points connected by a line
What is a line graph?
The range of possible values for a correlation coefficient
What is -1.0 to +1.0?
This term refers to the consistency of a measure
What is reliability?
The sum of all values divided by the number of values
What is the mean?
This is the average of the squared deviations from the mean
What is the variance?
This graph uses vertical bars to represent the frequency of a variable's values or categories
What is a bar chart?
This term describes a relationship where as one variable increases, the other also increases
What is a positive correlation?
A test can be reliable but not valid, but it cannot be this without being reliable
What is valid?
The middle value in a set of ordered data
What is the median?
The square root of the variance.
What is the standard deviation?
This chart, similar to a bar chart, is used to show a frequency distribution for a continuous variable, with no spaces between the bars
What is a histogram?
This type of graph is used to visualize the relationship between two variables.
What is a scatterplot?
A measure is considered to have high inter-rater reliability if two different observers watching the same event arrive at this
What is the same (or very similar) conclusion?
This measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers
What is the mean?
A value that can have a disproportionate effect on the mean and standard deviation, often requiring special consideration or removal.
What is an outlier?
This chart is ideal for showing the relationship between two continuous variables.
What is a scatterplot?
This is the name for the value that tells you how much variance two variables share
What is the coefficient of determination (R^2)?
This type of reliability is measured by administering the same test to the same people at two different times and correlating the scores
What is test-retest reliability?
When a distribution is perfectly symmetrical, the mean, median, and mode are all this
What is the same?
This person made the famous statistical contribution the Polar Area Chart, to illustrate the preventable deaths of soldiers during the Crimean War?
Who is Florence Nightingale?
This type of graph is used to show how a whole is divided into different parts or proportions
What is a pie chart?
The correlation between two variables is high, but the relationship is not causal. This is a common phrase to describe such a relationship
What is "correlation is not causation"?
This is the most stringent type of validity, which refers to how well a test measures the underlying concept it was designed to measure
What is construct validity?