Measures of Central Tendency & Variability
The measure of center that is the sum of all values divided by the number of values.
the mean
This type of plot displays the five-number summary: minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.
Box Plot
The probability of an event that is certain to happen.
1 (or 100%)
The entire group of individuals that we want information about
The population
The name for the variable that we use to predict the value of another variable
What is the independent variable (or explanatory variable)
The middle value of an ordered dataset.
the median
A graph that uses bars to show frequency distributions for continuous numerical data.
Histogram
The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment
the sample space
A smaller, representative subset of individuals selected from the population
A Sample
A measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.
correlation
A measure of spread calculated by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value.
the range
This plot uses 'stems' and 'leaves' to show the frequency and shape of a distribution while retaining the original data values.
Stem-and-Leaf-plot
Tossing a coin and rolling a number cube at the same time are examples of these types of events.
independent events
A method of sampling where every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
a random sample (or simple random sample)
A data point that lies far away from the general pattern of the other data points
outlier
The most frequent value in a dataset
the mode
A chart using proportional slices to represent parts of a whole.
Pie Chart
The probability of rolling a number greater than 2 on a standard six-sided number cube.
4/6 or 2/3
Drawing conclusions about a population based on data collected from a sample.
inference (or making an inference)
The name of the specific line used to model a linear relationship between two variables and minimize the vertical distances to the data points.
the least-squares regression line (LSRL) (or line of best fit)
This value describes the average distance of each data point from the mean.
standard deviation
This type of plot is used to display the relationship between two quantitative variables.
Scatterplot
A diagram with branches used to list all possible outcomes of a sequence of events.
tree diagram
A study where researchers observe individuals and measure variables of interest without attempting to influence the responses
an observational study
The process of using a regression line to predict values outside the range of the observed data.
extrapolation