CRISPR
What is the enzyme that cleaves DNA?
Cas9
In what phase in cell cycle are most of the cells in the body?
G0
Embryonic stem cells are ________________
Pluripotent
What's the major type of molecule that promotes differentiation of cells into different types?
Expression of transcriptional regulators
Where does the Cas9 come from in CRISPR?
Added in to cells; not found in mammalian cells
Double stranded
what is the major feature that stem cells have compared to other cells in the body?
Infinite replication potential
What are iPS cells?
Induced pluripotent stem cells
What type of stimulus is often used to promote differentation?
Morphogen
What are two general uses of CRISPR?
delete a gene or make a substitution of DNA sequence
What is the RNA involved in CRISPR?
Guide RNA (gRNA) - guide to site to be cleaved
what is the role of transit amplifying cells?
Rapid expansion of cells from a stem cell to then be differentiated
Where does the genetic material come from in an iPS cell?
Donor cells (usually a fibroblast)
What cytoskeletal protein plays a role in the hedgehog pathway?
Microtubule
What happens in a bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplant?
Repopulation of body with "new" immune system
Where is the PAM sequence located?
Host DNA - not in guide RNA;
next to where the guide RNA matches the host DNA
What is the role of the wnt pathway in intestinal cells?
Promoting cell proliferation of stem cells and transit amplifying cells
What is Sox2?
Transcription factor used in iPS cells
Where is smoothen located when there is no hedgehog?
In a vesicle
How can CRISPR be used to treat disease?
Correct a defect in a particular gene of a specific cell type
What cell type must CRISPR be used in for it to be passed to progeny?
Gamete cells
Hematopoietic stem cells are ________________ because they give rise to ___________________.
Multipotent; all types of blood cells
iPS cells become/are ______________
Pluripotent
What does Ci look like if there is no hedgehog? Where is it located?
Cleaved, in nucleus repressing genes
What happens to the intestine if APC has an ER signal sequence added?
Uncontrolled proliferation leading to cancer