Science
What is the subatomic particle that determines an atom’s element by its count in the nucleus?
Proton
What is the two-digit system of 0s and 1s that forms the foundation of all digital data?
Binary system
State the 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed into other forms of energy.
This formula gives the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides.
(n – 2) × 180°
If all humans are mortal, and Socrates is a human, then Socrates is mortal. This is an example of what kind of reasoning?
Deductive Reasoning
State the formula for Archimedes' Principle.
This computer scientist proposed the concept of a universal machine capable of simulating any other computation.
This law states that the stress in a material is proportional to the strain, within the elastic limit.
Hooke's Law
What type of sequence has a constant ratio between consecutive terms?
Geometric Progression
The fallacy of assuming that because two things occur together, one must cause the other.
Correlation = Causation
The process by which plants close stomata to reduce water loss, which often leads to reduced photosynthesis.
Transpiration Regulation / Stomatal Closure
This binary tree data structure is used in priority queues, where each parent node is greater or smaller than its children.
A Heap
This process improves a metal’s hardness and strength by heating and cooling under controlled conditions.
Heat treatment / Tempering
This operation gives the slope of a tangent line to a function’s curve.
Differentiation
A statement that contradicts itself.
A Paradox
A condition caused by having three copies of chromosome 21.
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
This concept in cybersecurity refers to disguising a message so only authorized parties can read it.
Encryption
In electrical circuits, this theorem allows simplification of complex networks into a single voltage source, in series with a single resistor.
Thevenin’s theorem
This unsolved problem in number theory concerns the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function.
Riemann Hypothesis
This branch of logic underpins programming and uses inference rules like Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens.
Predicate Logic / Propositional Calculus
A recent discovery in Gene editing, where an autosomal dominant disorder was cured for the first time. Name the nucleotide mutation that causes this disorder.
Disorder: Huntington's Disease
Mutation: CAG nucleotide mutation
According to Shannon’s Information Theory, this quantity measures the average uncertainty in a message.
Entropy
This branch of engineering focuses on converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa.
Electromechanical engineering/Mechatronics
Name the famous conjecture that states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two prime numbers.
Goldbach’s Conjecture
Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem states that in any sufficiently powerful mathematical system, this type of statement will always exist.
True but unprovable statements