Aerial
A thin, coiled modified stem for climbing
Tendril
A stem with long internodes that lays flat along the ground
Runner
A potato is an example of this underground stem
Tuber
From what region of the seed does a stem develop?
Plumule
Support/direct leaves, transport water/minerals, bear flowers/fruits
A hard, pointy modified stem for protection
A weak, lateral stem that arches up before coming back to the ground and growing a daughter plant
A flattened stem that grows horizontally underground
Rhizome
positively, negatively
Name three secondary functions of stems
Food storage, perennation, vegetative propagation, photosynthesis, protection, climbing
A flattened stem with many nodes for photosynthesis
Phylloclade
A horizontal stem that grows slightly underground before sending up a daughter plant
Sucker
Saffron and taro are examples of this underground stem
Corm
Corpus - inner layer, many layers thick, 360º division
Define perennation
Waiting for favorable conditions to send up shoots
What is the difference between cladode and phylloclade?
Cladode is a phylloclade with limited growth (1-2 nodes)
In which type of plant will you find an offset stem and rosettes?
Aquatic plants
Name three functions of underground stems
Store food, perennation, support
Distinguish between vegetative and floral buds
Vegetative grows shoots, stems
Floral develops flowers
Define vegetative propagation
What is the difference between a citrus thorn and a carissa duranta thorn?
Citrus is axillary, carissa duranta is terminal
What is the main function of subaerial stems?
Vegetative propagation
Give two reasons why an onion is a stem, not a root.
Nodes, leaves (scale leaves, layers), adventitious roots from base
Why is is less difficult to break a lateral stem (compared to lateral root)
Exogenous origin vs. endogenous origin
Opuntia has stems with three secondary functions. What are they?
Photosynthesis, protection (spines), water storage