Monocot Stems
How are vascular bundles arranged in a monocot stem?
Scattered
Which type of plant does secondary growth?
Dicot
What is the word for studying the age of trees by counting tree rings?
Dendochronology
Roots develop from __________, while stems develop from __________
Radicle, plumule
Why don't monocot stems have cambium tissue?
No secondary growth
What is the region of parenchyma between vascular bundles called?
Medullary ray
Name the two tissues responsible for secondary growth
Vascular cambium & cork cambium
Center
Vascular bundles are ___________ in dicot stems, but ___________ in monocot stems
open, closed
Name the three layers of tissue in a monocot stem
Epidermis, hypodermis, ground tissue
Name the three components of cortex in a dicot stem
Cells outside the cambium ring become __________ and inside the cambium ring become ___________.
Phloem, xylem
What is the difference between early and late wood?
Early wood = spring wood: thicker ring, lighter
Late wood = summer wood: thinner ring, darker
Xylem is __________ in stems, but ___________ in roots
endarch, exarch
Vascular bundles are surrounded by a _________________ _______________ in monocot stems.
Bundle sheath
Give four words to describe the structure of vascular bundles in a dicot stem
Conjoint, collateral, open, endarch
Define suberized
Cells become hard and waxy after suberin is deposited
How can scientists determine climate history from tree rings?
Thicker rings mean better growing conditions (more rain, better temperatures)
Stem hairs are ______________, while root hairs are ____________
Multicellular, unicellular
How are xylem vessels arranged in a monocot stem's vascular bundle?
Y-shaped
Which type of cell is each of these made of:
1. Hypodermis
2. Middle cortex
3. Pericycle
4. Pith
1. collenchyma
2. parenchyma
3. parenchyma + sclerenchyma
4. parenchyma
Cells outside the phellogen become ____________ and inside the phellogen become ___________.
phellum (cork)
phelloderm (cortex)
A tree was harvested in 2017 and a dendochronologist counts 38 dark bands. The 24th band is thicker than the rest. What was the best growing year for the tree?
2003
(2017 - 38) = 1979
1979 + 24 = 2003
Dicot hypodermis is made of ___________ cells, but monocot hypodermis is made of ______________
collenchyma, sclerenchyma