Trials & Tribulations
This type of study observes participants without assigning interventions.
What is an observational study?
This document explains the study and must be signed before participation.
What is an informed consent form (ICF)?
This was the name of the Black woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent and used to create the first immortal human cell line.
Who is Who is Henrietta Lacks?
IRB stands for this.
What is Institutional Review Board?
Counting data like blood pressure or number of steps is this kind of research.
What is quantitative research?
In this kind of study, participants are randomly assigned to different groups.
What is a randomized controlled trial?
This international code was developed after WWII to ensure ethical medical research.
What is the Nuremberg Code?
Unethical syphilis experiments on Black men from 1932 and 1972 helped lead to stricter rules for IRBs in the U.S.
What is the Tuskegee Study?
The IRB's main job is to protect these individuals.
Who are human research participants?
Interviewing participants to understand their feelings is this type of research.
What is qualitative research?
These two key components help reduce bias in clinical trials.
What are blinding and randomization?
Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are the three principles of this report.
What is the Belmont Report?
This early 20th-century experiment demonstrated that fear can be conditioned in infants, but is now widely criticized for ethical violations such as lack of consent and emotional harm.
What is the Little Albert experiment?
The IRB checks that this process for agreeing to enroll in a study is fair and clear.
What is informed consent?
These are strategies to keep participants involved in a long-term study.
What are retention strategies?
This term refers to an inactive substance that is sometimes given to participants in the control arm of an RCT.
What is a placebo?
Research studies must protect these, which include privacy and autonomy.
What are participant rights?
This era from ~1800-1940 is known as the era of unregulated experimentation.
What is the Utilitarian Era?
A study cannot begin without this from the IRB.
What is approval?
This is the first thing you should do before touching any lab equipment.
What is wash your hands / wear PPE?
This term describes a study where neither participants nor researchers know who gets the treatment.
What is a double-blinded study?
This concept means researchers must do more good than harm in a study.
What is beneficence?
This modern government agency ensures that research involving human subjects follows federal regulations and protects participants' rights.
What is the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP)?
This kind of review is quicker and applies to studies with minimal risk.
What is expedited review?
In studies, researchers sometimes struggle with this process of getting enough eligible participants to join.
What is recruitment?