Stereotypes Principles & More
Ascribing a group’s characteristic to an individual believed to belong to that group
Can have both positive and negative characteristic
Match the term
Stereotype
Classification of ingroups and outgroups.
Match the term
Social Categorization
Perceiving outgroups as all the same.
Match the term
Outgroup Homogeneity
What 3 factors influence persuasion?
Cognitive, motivational, and social
What is the negative affect/attitude of the ABC's of social psych?
Prejudice
With respect to the minimal group paradigm, people can quickly develop prejudice and discrimination based on _ and _.
ingroups and outgroups
Learning through association is _ conditioning, whereas learning through consequences is _ conditioning.
Classical, Operant (respectively)
The process of acquiring knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes by observing, imitating, and interacting with others.
Match the term
Social Learning
Behavior directed at a person based on their group membership.
Match the term.
Discrimination
Overestimating the association between two variables.
Match the term
With respect to operant conditioning, what is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement/punishment?
Positive = addition
Negative = removal
reinforcement = increase behavior
punishment = decrease behavior
Coming into contact with people from other groups can reduce intergroup prejudice.
Match the term
Contact Hypothesis
Kristofer has negative feelings towards people in managerial positions. He thinks they are evil and he tries to avoid them.
Match the Cognition, Affect, and Behavior.
Cognition - thinking they are evil
Affect - negative feelings
Behavior - avoidance
According to realistic conflict theory, how do resources play a role in stereotyping?
A limited supply of resources (either real or perceived) acts as a source of competition/conflict, prompting negative attitudes and cognitive bias.
In other words, we promote our in groups in at the expense of an outgroup.
Samuel's parents speak very politely and never use cuss words. Subsequently, Samuel's vocabulary does not include swears.
This is an example of?
Modeling
There are 5 ways to reduce stereotyping. Name 3
Being aware of causes
cognitive biases, modeling, social learning
contact/travel
Visiting people/places from other places
Education
Knowledge of people from different backgrounds
Be motivated
Motivation to counteract stereotyping and prejudice
Equality of groups
Groups must feel that they are treated equally
Describe the difference between the old fashioned and modern biases.
Old fashioned biases are consciously held and overt, whereas modern biases are sometimes unconscious, subtle, automatic, and ambivalent.
How might confirmation bias lead to stereotyping?
Seek out information that confirms our expectations
Only notice and remember such information
We ignore disconfirming information
More likely to remember stereotype consistent information
Lili's Class is playing jeopardy. When her team fails, she attributes it to situational factors. When an opposing team fails, she attributes internal factors.
What is this an example of?
Ultimate attribution error
Is mere contact enough to reduce stereotyping? What else can be done?
Interdependence/Jigsaw Classroom
Cooperative effort of people from different groups/ Reaching a common goal can decrease prejudice