Vocabulary
What is the definition of Stoichiometry?
The relationship between the relative quantities of substance taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers
What is the definition of excess reactant?
An excess reactant is a reactant present in an amount in excess of that required to combine with all of the limiting reactant. It follows that an excess reactant is one remaining in the reaction mixture once all the limiting reactant is consumed.
Mole to mole
4NH3 + 3O2 -> 2N2 + 6H2O
11 mol NH3 x 3 mol O2 = 8.25 mol
1 4 mol NH3
How can the principles of stoichiometry be used in the real world?
in the making of soap. (Ratio of each chemical needed and produced)
what is the definition of mole ratio?
a mole ratio is the ratio between amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction
What is the definition of an Actual yield?
The actual yield is the quantity of a product that is obtained from a chemical reaction.
Limiting reactant problem
2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O
84gO2x1molO2x6molH2Ox18.016g H2O
1 32 g O2 7 mol O2 1 mol H2O
= 40.54 g H2O
How can the principles of stoichiometry be used in the real world?
The making of tires. (ratio of each chemical needed)
What is the definition of dimensional analysis?
In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationship between different physical quantities by identifying their bass quantities and units of measure and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed.
What is the definition of a theoretical yield?
the calculated or theoretical yield is the amount of product that could be obtained from a reaction if all of the reactant converted to product.
Percent yield problem
3.3 grams of MgO is produced
2Mg+ 1O2 -> 2 MgO
3gMgX1molX2molMgOX40.3MgO=4.97-5g
24.3gMg 2molMg 1molMgO
15LO2X1molO2X2molMgOX40.3MgO=53.97
22.4LO2 1molO2 1molMgO
3.3/5.0 x 100 = 66%
How can the principles of stoichiometry be used in the real world?
Cooking (using ratios in recipes
what is the definition of conversion factor?
A conversion factor is a number used to change one set of units to another, by multiplying or dividing. When a conversion is necessary, the appropriate conversion factor to an equal value must be used.
what is the definition of percent yield?
Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield. It is calculated to be the experimental yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100%.
What is the definition of limiting reactant?
The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is a reactant that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is completed. The amount of product formed is limited by this reagent, since the reaction cannot continue without it.
What is the definition of percent efficienc?
Efficiency is a measure of how much work or energy is conserved in a process. In many processes, work or energy is lost, for example as waste heat or vibration. The efficiency is the energy output, divided by the energy input, and expressed as a percentage. A perfect process would have an efficiency of 100%.