BUGGIN OUT
The murmur heard in an IV drug user with symptoms of infective endocarditis. (Describe the sound and location).
What is a holosystolic murmur over the lower left sternal border (tricuspid regurgitation)
Left ventricular myocardial perfusion occurs during this time.
What is diastole.
This type of ventricular remodeling is when sarcomeres are added in parallel.
What is concentric hypertrophy.
Statins are associated with this adverse effect.
What is myopathy.
Beat-to-beat variation in pulse amplitude.
What is pulsus alternans.
The M-protein in GAS that leads to Rheumatic Heart Disease does so through this mechanism.
What is molecular mimicry.
This remains the same with blood vessels in parallel.
What is pressure.
They broke up. She was heart broken. Then increased this caused ventricular apical ballooning.
What is increased sympathetic stimulation (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy).
Digoxin directly causes this effect.
Inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase.
Causes increased contractility indirectly.
Also causes increased vagal tone.
*Digoxin does not work during exercise.
Drop in pulse amplitude during inspiration.
What is pulsus paradoxus.
Spriochete. Unsynchronized P and QRS waves.
Lyme Carditis. - causes 3rd degree AV block.
LaPlace's Law = (P x r )/ (2 x this variable)
What is wall thickness.
(Hypertrophy is a compensatory mechanism to try to decrease wall tension/stress because when increased it requires a greater myocardial oxygen demand).
A young man suddenly died while playing football. His cardiologist noted a S4 sound the year prior. Biopsy of his heart showed this.
What are hypertrophic disorganized myocytes with interstitial fibrosis.
Class II and Class IV antiarrhythmics prolong this interval on ECG.
What is the PR interval.
Pulse with 2 distinct peaks.
What is a dicrotic pulse.
Tuberculosis. Right-sided heart failure. Rapid y descent.
Constrictive Pericarditis.
These hormones activate guanylyl cyclase to increase glomerular filtration by inducing vasodilation of the afferent arteriole of the kidney.
What are ANP and BNP.
PLEASe Help!
Postradiation
Loeffler endocarditis
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Hemochromatosis
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy.
These drugs should be avoided in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
What are nitrates.
Rapidly rising pulse with high amplitude.
What is a hyperkinetic pulse.
Apical wall thinning in the heart. Mural thrombus and stroke. Dilated esophagus.
What is Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi).
Normal portal capillary oncotic pressure. Increased portal capillary hydrostatic pressure. Normal portal capillary permeability.
What is right-sided heart failure.
Decompensated heart failure is a common cause of this - which is described as a holosystolic murmur over the cardiac apex.
What is mitral regurgitation.
(Uworld 200)
This medication used for hypertensive emergency is associated with cyanosis.
What is nitroprusside.
Slow rising low amplitude pulse.
Pulsus parvus et tardus.