Diet across the lifecycle
Why should babies be breastfed for the first six months?
Breast milk is free, it's sterile, contains the correct nutrients for the baby.
What are the causes of obesity?
genetics, overeating- calorie imbalance, lack of exercise
What are the two main types of vegetarians?
Vegan and lacto - vegetarian
Name three types of root vegetables?
carrot, parsnip, turnip, potato, sweet potato
What is a staple food?
eaten regularly and in large amounts and forms the main part of a persons diet.
Should eat regular meals that contain a variety of healthy foods. Foods that are high in sugar should be limited. Correct portion sizes.
Name and explain the two types of diabetes.
Type 1 - Genetic, pancreas doesn't produce insulin, daily insulin injections needed. Type 2 - not genetic, the pancreas does produce insulin, but not enough.
What is the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance?
Food allergy - sensitivity to an ingredient in food, e.g peanut allergy. Food intolerance is when a person has difficulty digesting a particular type of food.
Outline the nutritional value of vegetables.
Most veg low in fat, roots and pulses contain large amounts of starch, a source of dietary fibre. Vegetables contain carotene, folic acid and Vit C.
Explain the nutritional value of cereals?
Carb in the form of starch is the main nutrient found in cereals, a valuable source of LBV protein. If unprocessed, cereals are a source of fibre, a source of calcium, iron.
Why is protein important in the diets of children?
Required for rapid growth.
Explain two guidelines for reducing sugar in the diet.
Avoid junk foods such as fizzy drinks. Use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar. Choose healthy snacks.
What is coeliac disease?
Intolerance of a protein called gluten, which is found in the cereals wheat, rye and barley.
Berry - strawberry, Citrus - orange, Hard - apple, Stone - plum, Dried - apricot
List and describe four types of flour.
Wholemeal - no part of the grain removed, White - Bran and germ removed, Self-raising - Bran and germ removed + baking powder is added.
Explain two meal planning guidelines for adults?
Don't consume more than 6g of salt every day. Vegetables and fruits can help adults maintain a healthy weight.
How can osteoporosis be treated?
Consume a diet rich in vitamin D and calcium. Partcipate in weight bearing exercise - jogging
What is lactose intolerance?
People with lactose intolerance do not produce the enzyme lactase, which is needed to digest lactose. If lactose is consumed, the large undigested molecules cannot be absorbed, causing cramps.
List two guidelines that should be followed when buying, storing, preparing and cooking veg and fruit.
Buy fruit + veg that are in season, buy organic veg + fruit. Remove plastic from fruit + veg. Store them in the fridge.
Explain how cooking affects cereals.
- cellulose becomes softer and easier to eat. Starch becomes more digestible.
Why is calcium important in an older person's diet?
maintains strong bones and teeth. Helps prevent osteoporosis and the risk of bone fracturing.
Explain two guidelines for increasing fibre in the diet?
Choose high fibre breakfast cereals, eat fruit + veg with the skins, add seeds to yoghurts.
What foods would a vegetarian eat?
Fruits, veg, grains, pulses, nuts, seeds, milk, yoghurt, cheese
Explain how veg + fruit get graded within the EU?
Quality - All v + f must be in good condition, clean and chemical-free. Labels - Class 1: good quality, Class 2: marketable, but with small defects, extra class: best quality.
List and describe two types of rice?
Short grain rice - short fat grain, medium grain rice - narrower grain than short grain. Long grain rice- long, thin grain.