Resistance Training
What term describes the maximum load that can be lifted once with proper technique?
One-repetition maximum (1RM)
What heart rate variable is calculated as maximal heart rate minus resting heart rate?
Heart rate reserve
What motor unit principle states that motor units are recruited from smallest to largest based on force demand?
Henneman’s Size Principle
What term describes motion occurring in the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension
What training variable refers to sets × reps × load?
Volume
What adaptation results from an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area?
Hypertrophy
What training intensity corresponds to the highest workload that can be sustained without continual lactate accumulation?
Lactate threshold
What neural adaptation primarily explains early strength gains before hypertrophy occurs?
Improved motor unit recruitment and synchronization
What variable describes the resistance of an object to angular acceleration?
Moment of Inertia
Which periodization model varies volume and load on a day to day basis?
Undulating periodization
What method of resistance training involves constant speed throughout the range of motion?
Isokinetic training
What type of training alternates repeated bouts of high-intensity work with recovery periods?
Interval training
Increasing firing frequency of active motor units is referred to as what mechanism?
Rate coding
What type of muscle action occurs when the external load exceeds muscle force?
Eccentric contraction
What loading strategy adjusts training intensity based on daily performance or readiness?
Autoregulation
During a 15 repitition set, what it the byproduct that induces muscular "burning"
Free hydrogen accumulation
At the lactate threshold, lactate production exceeds clearance primarily due to increased flux through which metabolic pathway?
Anaerobic glycolysis
What reflex mechanism contributes to force production during plyometric movements?
Stretch–shortening cycle via muscle spindle activation
What law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
What is a measure of repetitions away from failure. This is used to calculate set intensity.
Reps in Reserve (RIR)
What is the mechanism that increases neuromuscular activation after completing a set with heavy load?
Post Activation Potentiation
During prolonged steady-state aerobic exercise performed at a constant external workload, heart rate gradually increases while stroke volume progressively decreases despite unchanged oxygen consumption. This physiological phenomenon is known as what?
Cardiovascular drift
Chronic resistance training reduces inhibitory input from which structure to allow greater force output?
Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)
In a third-class lever system, such as elbow flexion during a biceps curl, the distance from the joint axis to the muscle’s line of action is defined as what mechanical component?
Effort Arm
How long does the period after competition last? This is typically referred to as the off-season.
4 weeks