General
What hormone is commonly known as the “stress hormone”?
Cortisol
How did Hans Selye describe stress in his GAS model?
As a non-specific response of the body to any demand placed upon it.
Who developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe
Who developed the concept of cognitive appraisal in relation to stress?
Richard Lazarus
What is an example of a problem-focused coping strategy?
Creating a plan to solve a problem.
What part of the nervous system is activated during the fight-or-flight response?
Sympathetic nervous system
What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
What is the purpose of the SRRS?
To measure the level of stress caused by various life events.
What are the two key processes in the Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping?
Primary appraisal and secondary appraisal
What type of stress is considered beneficial and motivates individuals to overcome challenges?
Eustress
How does chronic stress affect the immune system?
It suppresses immune function, making the body more susceptible to illness.
During which stage of GAS does the body initially respond to a stressor with a fight-or-flight reaction?
Alarm
How can a high stress score on the SRRS affect health?
It indicates a higher risk of developing stress-related illnesses.
What type of coping involves changing one’s emotional response to a stressor?
Emotion-focused coping
What type of stressor includes events such as natural disasters and noise pollution?
Environmental stressors
What is the primary function of adrenaline during a stress response?
It increases heart rate and energy levels to prepare the body for action.
What occurs during the resistance stage of GAS?
The body attempts to cope with the stressor and return to homeostasis.
What is a limitation of the SRRS?
It does not account for individual differences in stress perception and coping abilities.
How does the Transactional Theory explain individual differences in stress responses?
By considering personal and environmental factors that influence appraisal and coping.
What characteristic of stressors refers to whether the stressor is acute or chronic?
Duration
What is the difference between eustress and distress?
Eustress is positive stress that motivates, while distress is negative stress that causes anxiety.
How does prolonged exposure to stress affect the body during the resistance stage?
It can lead to chronic stress, weakened immune function, and increased risk of health problems.
How does the SRRS categorize positive and negative life events?
Both positive and negative events are considered sources of stress.
What occurs during the primary appraisal process?
An individual evaluates whether an event is a threat, challenge, or benign.
What type of stressor encompasses pressures from relationships, social roles, and social expectations?
Social stressors