Cytokinesis/Mitosis
The Cell Cycle
Miscellaneous
Description of Injury
Cells
100
What is cytokinesis?
The second stage of cell division. Process where cytoplasm divides, resulting in two distinct but identical cells.
100
What phase would the tibia cells prepare for mitosis?
Interphase, the cell is involved in normal cellular activity and performing its preparation for mitosis (the next four phases that lead up to and include nuclear division).
100
What is more common for overuse injuries bone or Muscle?
Bones, stress fractures are a common injury in most sports with physical contact.
100
What is an overuse injury?
A term used to describe damage and pain caused by repetitive movement and overuse.
100
Why do cells divide?
Cells will divide in a stress fracture to heal/repair the injury.
200
What is Mitosis?
The first stage of cell division. A process where the Nucleus of the cell is divided into two identical nuclei.
200
What is the product of cell division?
Two identical daughter cells, that can be used to repair the tibia once many cells are divided in the tibia.
200
How should you treat an overuse injury?
- Not using the injured muscle, tendon, ligament, or bone until it has time to heal and your pain goes away
- Reducing the intensity, duration, and frequency of workouts and activities
- Icing the injury
- Gently stretching the injured muscle, tendon, or ligament when advised by your doctor
- Using over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications to help relieve symptoms
- Warming up before your workout or activity
(Image 3)
200
What type of athletes most commonly get stress fractures?
Stress fractures mainly occur in, basketball players, tennis plays, long-distance runners, and soccer players.
200
When do cells divide in stress fracture?
When the stress fracture makes the bone snap or crack int he tibia.
300
When can mitosis occur?
Mitosis only occurs if the cell is large enough and the DNA is undamaged.
300
What happens in prophase and how does this benefit the cell division?
The nuclear membrane dissolves and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres. The chromosomes get ready to line up so the DNA is copied in the two identical cells.
300
How long does it take for a stress fracture to heal?
A stress fracture could take up to six to eight weeks to heal fully.
300
What type of injury are stress fractures (bone or muscle)?
It is a bone, the most common bone for this to occur in is the tibia. (Image 1)
300
How do cells divide?
The tibia cells will go through the cell division process (mitosis- interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, then cytokinesis).
400
What must a cell do before it divides?
Before a cell divides, it must go through DNA replication. After DNA replication, there is two identical chromatin held together by the centromere.
400
What are the three parts of interphase?
G.1- Growth + Normal Functioning
S - DNA copied
G.2- Additional growth for cell division
(Image 5)
400
What gender is more common to get overuse injuries and why?
Women.
-Awkward landing when jumping (knees land inward)
-Lack of neuromuscular training
400
During bone overuse injuries in athletes, what happens to the cells.
They die as bone tissue tears.
400
Where do cells divide in stress fractures?
In a common stress fracture, the cells will divide in the tibia to repair and build up the bone.
500
How long does mitosis take in the typical eukaryotic cell?
Mitosis, during which the cell makes preparations for and completes cell division only takes about 2 hours.
500
What is telophase? How does it benefit cell division?
Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of the cell, and new nuclear membranes form around the daughter nuclei. This benefits cell division because the two identical nuclei are now formed and the cell is starting to divide.
(Image 2)
500
Name five ways to prevent an overuse injury
- Warm-up before stretching.
- Don't push through the pain. Real discomfort is a signal that something's wrong or that you're asking more from a part of your body than it can provide at the moment.
- Increase your workouts gradually. If you're a runner, don't bump up your mileage by more than 10 percent per week.
- Don't run more than 45 miles per week. Running farther than that doesn't pay off: It probably won't improve your stamina, and it definitely increases your risk of injury.
- Run on soft, flat surfaces.
- Alternate hard training days with easy days.
- Get new running shoes every 500 miles. With use, shoes lose their ability to absorb shock.
- If you pronate (the inside of your foot leans in) or have another alignment problem, you may be able to prevent injury by wearing an over-the-counter shoe insert. Ask your doctor if such inserts might work for you.
- Women and adolescent girls should make sure they're getting enough calcium, whether from their diet or from supplements. Stress fractures are 10 times more common in women than in men. Improve your odds of avoiding them by making sure you get enough of the minerals and vitamins crucial to building bone.
500
What are the symptoms of tibia stress fractures?
Pain, swelling, and point tenderness on the bone.
500
What structure breaks in anaphase.
The centromeres break and paired chromatids begin to separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
(Image 4)