Terminology
What is the point of contact between bones?
A joint (articulation)
#1
To flex the triceps, what type of movement must be performed?
Extension
What determines a joint's function?
Its structure
What axis of rotation occurs with movements in the transverse plane?
Vertical Axis
What is used to measure range of motion?
Goniometer
#2
Axial Skeleton
Bringing the leg closer to the midline of the body is what type of movement?
Adduction
Name the three different types of joint structures
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
The soleus is what to the gastrocnemius?
Deep
What axis of rotation is a bicep curl in?
Frontal Axis
#3
Irregular
What movement is limited to the neck and spine?
Lateral Flexion
Name the two types of synarthrodial joints
Suture and gomphosis
List the 5 functions of the skeletal system
*double points for explaining how they provide these functions*
1. Protection- protection of vital organs (heart, brain, etc.)
2. Support- Give us structure
3. Movement - act as levers (muscles pull on bone for movement)
4. Storage- store calcium, phosphorus
5. Hemopoiesis- blood formation occurring from red bone marrow
What are the bones we start out with at birth that develop from hyaline cartilage?
Endochondral Bones
#4
Sellar/Saddle
Name all the movements of the foot.
Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion
Pronation/Supination
Inversion/Eversion
Name 3 types of synovial(diarthrodial) joints with examples
*Double points if you can name all 6*
1. Enarthroidial/Ball-and-socket (shoulder, hip)
2. Condyloidal/ellipsoid (radiocarpal 2-5)
3. Ginglymus/hinge (elbow, ankle, knee)
4. Sellar/saddle (carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium and first metacarpal)
5. Arthroidial/gliding (carpal bones, tarsometatarsal joints of the foot)
6. Trochoidal/pivot (atlantoaxial, radius rotation at the radioulnar joint)
What is the dense, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the diaphysis?
Periosteum
List the 5 types of bones
*Double Points with examples*
1. Long bones (femur, radius, ulna)
2. Short bones (carpals and tarsals)
3. Flat bones (ribs, sternum, scapula, ilium)
4. Irregular bones (bones of the spine, ischium, pubis, maxilla)
5. Sesamoid bones (patella and within flexor tendons of the great toe and thumb)
#5
Syndesmosis
Name all the movements of the scapula.
Elevation/Depression
Protraction/Retraction
Upward/Downward Rotation
What is the structure, function, and type of inferior tibiofibular joint?
Cartilaginous, amphiarthrodial, syndesmosis
How much of bone weight is made up of calcium phosphate?
60-70%