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Location:The most anterior part of the brain. Broca’s area is located there.
Function: Responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, and motor function.
Speech-Language and or cognitive when damaged: Damage to the neurons or tissue can lead to personality changes, difficulty concentrating or planning, and impulsivity.
What is the frontal lobe?
Location: This lobe rests near the top and center of the cerebral cortex, just behind the frontal lobe and above the occipital and temporal lobes.
Function:It is responsible for processing somatosensory information from the body; this includes touch, pain, temperature, and the sense of limb position. Like the temporal lobes, it is also involved in integrating information from different modalities.
Speech-Language and or cognitive when damaged:
The, Right - Damage to this area can cause visuospatial deficits (e.g., the patient may have difficulty finding their way around new, or even familiar, places). The Left - Damage to this area may disrupt a person's ability to understand spoken and/or written language.
What is the parietal lobe?
Location: The Lobe sits behind the ears and is the second largest lobe.
Function: They are most commonly associated with processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory.The main functions include understanding language, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception and processing auditory information.
Speech-Language and or cognitive when damaged: Difficulty in understanding spoken words (Receptive Aphasia) Disturbance with selective attention to what we see and hear. Difficulty with identification and categorization of objects. Difficulty learning and retaining new information.
What is the temporal lobe?
Location: The lobe is the rearmost lobe of the brain, located in the forebrain. It rests upon the tentorium cerebelli, a thick membrane of tissue the separates the cerebrum from the evolutionarily older cerebellum.
Function: It is primarily responsible for visual processing. It contains the primary and association visual cortex.
Speech-Language and or cognitive when damaged: Visual illusions - inaccurately seeing objects. Word blindness - inability to recognize words. Difficulty in recognizing drawn objects. Inability to recognize the movement of an object (Movement Agnosia)
What is the occipital lobe?
Location:At Left Hemisphere at the The vertebrate cerebrum
Function: Controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing.
Speech-Language and or cognitive when damaged: Trouble reading and writing. Changes in speech. Deficits in planning, organization, and memory as those skills relate to language. Weakness or lack of movement on the right side of the body.
What is the left hemisphere?
Location: Right Hemisphere at the vertebrate cerebrum
Function: Controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills.
Speech-Language or cognitive when damaged:
Difficulties with attention, perception, learning, memory, recognition and expression of emotion, and neglect. Other frequently occurring, though slightly less common, deficits include reasoning and problem solving, awareness, and orientation.
What is the right hemisphere?
Location: A group of structures near the center of your brain that form important connections. These connections allow different areas of your brain to work together.
Function: Refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.
Speech-Language or cognitive when damaged: May cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture
What is the basal ganglia?
Location:The most superior region of the brainstem.
Function: Important in motor movement, auditory, and visual processing.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Lesions to the inferior part can result in pseudobulbar affect syndrome (disproportionate and contextually inappropriate emotional behavior)
What is the midbrain?
Location: One of the lowermost structures of the brain, located near the bottom of the skull.
Function: Manages pain signals
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Damage to this structure can cause deafness and facial weakness.
What is the pons?
Location: The base of the brain, where the brainstem connects the brain to your spinal cord.
Function: Key part of the nervous system. Manages heart circulation, circulation, breathing, and other automatic processes.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Damage to this structure can cause dysphagia, face paralysis, and ataxia.
What is the medulla?
Location: A strip of brain tissue located in the frontal lobe.
Function: Responsible for initiating purposeful and intentional movements.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Damage to this structure can cause hemiparesis in facial muscles.
What is the primary motor cortex?
Location: At the back of the brain, under the occipital lobe.
Function: Responsible for coordinating functions such as balance.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Damage to this structure can cause dysarthria, ataxia, and paralysis.
What is the cerebellum?
Location: Runs from through the center of your spine from the brainstem down to the lower back.
Function: Sends motor commands from the brain to the body, and sends sensory information from the body to the brain.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Damage to this structure may reduce perception of pain, touch, and temperature.
What is the spinal cord?
Location: Found in the deeper tissues of the brain.
Function: Conducts, processes, and sends nerve signals up and down the spinal cord.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: Damage to this structure can cause issues with memory, balance, and mobility.
What is white matter?
Location: Found in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord.
Function: Receives information and regulates outgoing information.
Speech-language/cognitive impairment: A low amount of gray matter is related to Alzheimer’s.
What is gray matter?