Terminology
Types and Parts of Structures
Forces
Materials
100
Define function
A structure's purpose
100
Provide an example of a natural and a human-made strcuture
Natural -> skeleton, tree, web, feather
Human-Made -> spoon, fishing net, jigsaw puzzle, building, chair, etc
100
What is force measured in?
Newtons (N)
100
Provide two examples of materials that are strong
wood, concrete, metal, etc
200
Define design
The way that a structure looks
200
Explain why a symmetrical structure is more stable
Has it's center of mass in the middle, meaning there is an equal amount of mass on each side
200
Define load and stress and provide an example of each
Load -> force from outside the structure, cars/people/wind/etc
Stress -> force from within the structure, tension/torsion/compression/shear/bending
200
Give two examples of natural materials and two examples of human-made materials
Natural -> wood, cloth/fabric, rubber, clay
Human-Made -> metal, plastic, glass, concrete, ceramic
300
Define flexibility, and name a structure that is very flexible
How much an object can bend without breaking
300
Explain the difference between deformation and collapse
Deformation -> changes shape but can still do it's function
Collapse -> can no longer do it's function
300
Explain the difference between strength and stability, and provide one example each of a force that can test these
Strength -> ability to stay standing against downward forces, rain/snow/hail/people
Stability -> ability to maintain position against sideways forces, wind/river currents/crashes/tornado
300
What is mass, and how does it change when we go from Earth to the moon?
The amount of stuff something is made of, stays the same everywhere
400
Define aesthetic
How beautiful something is
400
Explain the difference between, and provide examples of, fixed and flexible joints
Fixed -> doesn't move, skull bones/bricks
Flexible -> moves around, knees/elbows/door hinge
400
In the image, state what each arrow represents and which two arrows are missing
Forward arrow -> thrust force
Backward arrow -> drag force
Up arrow -> normal force
Down arrow -> gravity force
400
State and explain the two techniques used to make materials stronger
Lamination -> layering the material
Corrugation -> making folds in the middle
500
Define margin of safety
A limit that a structure can safely handle, or that someone can safely use (ex weight limit, height limit, age limit)
500
Define shell, frame and solid structure, and provide examples of each
Shell -> solid covering over hollow space
Frame -> pieces stuck together with bog open air gaps
Solid -> completely filled in with a solid material, no hollow spaces
500
Name and define all 5 stress forces
Tension -> pulling apart
Torsion -> twisting
Shear -> pushing from opposite sides
Compression -> squishing
Bending -> tension on one side, compression on the other
500
Name the four types of materials that hold things together and provide an example of each
Fastener -> screw, nail, staple, thumbtack
Adhesive -> glue, tape, cement, sticky tac
Interlocking Pieces -> nut and bolt, lock and key, puzzle, lego
Mass -> big rock, statue, brick