Inclusion & The Special Education Process
An integral part of the education system that involves delivering and monitoring a specifically designed and coordinated set of comprehensive, research-based instructional and assessment practices and related services to students with learning, behavioral, emotional, physical, health, or sensory disabilities. These instructional practices and services are tailored to identify and address the individual challenges and strengths of students.
What is Special Education.
Initially known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, and has been amended numerous times since its passage in 1975.
What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
Refers to learning disabilities, mild intellectual disabilities, mild emotional/behavioral disorders, and speech/language impairments that make up the vast majority of disabilities experienced by students.
What are high-incidence disabilities.
Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of an individual with a disability.
What is an assistive technology device.
The use of assessments at the end of instruction to assess student mastery of specific content, topics, and concepts and skills taught and to communicate this information to others.
What is a summative assessment.
An educational philosophy for structuring school so that all students are educated together in general education classrooms.
What is inclusion.
The principle of a free and appropriate education requires schools to follow individually tailored education for each student defined in a _____ program.
What is the Individualized Education Program (IEP).
Refers to physical, sensory, and more significant disabilities that make up a small percentage of the disabilities experienced by students.
What are low-incidence disabilities.
An instructional arrangement where students work with their peers to achieve a shared academic goal rather then competing against or working separately from their classmates.
What is cooperative learning.
The use of assessment strategies during instruction to monitor students' learning progress and use this information to make ongoing decisions about teaching effectiveness and ways to improve it.
What is formative assessment.
An individually based principle that calls for schools to educate students with disabilities as much as possible with their peers who do not have disabilities.
What is the least restrictive environment.
Passed in 1975, this act mandates that a free and appropriate education be provided to all students with disabilities, regardless of the nature and severity of their disability.
What is Public Law 94-142 or the Education for All Handicapped Children Act.
Students with learning disabilities make up ____ % of the total school population.
What is 5%.
A process for planning instruction and individual lessons by which assessments are first determined and then used to guide the design and sequence of the instructional activities students will engage in to achieve mastery of the identified learning outcomes.
What is backwards design.
Federal requirements mandate that all students, including those with disabilities, are expected to participate in summative common assessments, which usually involve students in taking standardized tests. This assessment is referred to as _______.
What is high-stakes testing.
An important goal of inclusion.
What is to provide all students with access to the general education curriculum.
Public Law 99-457 extended many of the rights and safeguards of Public Law 94-142 to children with disabilities from birth to 5 years of age and encouraged early intervention services and special assistance to students who are at risk.
What is Public Law 99-457 Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Act of 1986.
Rather than seeing students in terms of what they cannot do, educators with this kind of approach focus on what students can do, using these strengths to deliver a differentiated education program that supports their inclusion, learning, socialization, participation, and growth and that maximizes their abilities.
What is the competency-oriented approach.
A curricular accommodation that involves teaching a diverse group of students individualized skills from different curricular areas.
What is curriculum overlapping.
Adjustments with respect to where, when, with whom, and for how long and often students take tests.
What are timing, scheduling, and setting testing accomodations.
What is the 4th principle of effective inclusion called that states, effective inclusion involves establishing a community based on collaboration and communication among educators, other professionals, students, families, and community agencies.
What is community and collaboration.
With the passage of Public Law 108-446, Congress made important changes to idea. These changes address the IEP, family involvement, and the special education identification and preferential processes.
What is Public Law 108-446: The Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act of 2004.
Once students learn a strategy, it is important for you to promote independent use and _____ of the strategy so that students know when and where to use the strategy across many different situations and settings.
What is generalization.
What is model-lead-test.
Grading systems that involve giving numeric or letter grades to compare students using the same academic standards.
What are norm-references grading systems.