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Defining Learning Disabilities
Brief History
Characteristics of Individuals with Learning Disabilities
Assessment of Learning Disabilities
Educational Considerations
100
A disability in which there is a discrepancy between a person's ability and academic achievement.
What is learning disabilities?
100
This phase consisted primarily of brain research.
What is Foundation Phase?
100
A type of reading disorder in which the student fails to recognize and comprehend written words which causes a severe impairment in the ability to read.
What is dyslexia?
100
An individual's performance is compared to a normative group of peers who have taken the same tests.
What are norm-referenced assessments?
100
Most students with learning disabilities are educated in this type of setting.
What is the general education classroom?
200
A strategy used for determining whether a pupil has a learning disability.
What is Response to intervention?
200
During this phase, professionals began applying scientific research evidence to children with learning disabilities.
What is Transition Phase?
200
The functional use of language in social situations.
What is pragmatics?
200
A collection of samples of a student's best work gathered over a period of time.
What is a portfolio assessment?
200
A type of instruction that focuses on the characterstics or components of the task/concept to be learned with the aim of producing gains in specific academic skills without worrying about processing deficits.
What is Direct Instruction (DI)?
300
This factor is considered to be the sine qua non of the definition of learning disabilities.
What is discrepancy?
300
This phase consists of emerging challenges or issues including a movement toward full inclusion, how to serve diverse learners, the impact of computer technology, attention to students with attention deficit disorders, assessment issues, and other matters.
What is the Current Phase?
300
Students with learning disabilities mainly have a defiency in this type of memory?
What is working memory?
300
This assessment gives a more accurate view of what a pupil can and cannot accomplish in real-life situations.
What is authentic assessment?
300
An approach to instruction that focuses on teaching students how to learn (how to become a more purposeful and efficient learner).
What are learning strategies?
400
The law that defines children with special learning disabilities as exhibiting a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using spoken and written language.
What is the specific learning disabilities Act of 1969 (PL-91-230)?
400
Between 1800-1930 what research was primarily conducted?
What is brain research?
400
A lack of understanding of the rules that govern the correspondence between specific sounds and letters that make up words.
What is Phonological Awareness?
400
Test items are based on objectives found in the local school curriculum.
What is curriculum-based assessment?
400
A strategy whereby students initially talk to themselves out loud while performing a task - verbalizing instructions and verbally rewarding themselves.
What is self-instruction?
500
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involve in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, speak, read, write, spell or to do mathematical calculation (as defined by IDEA).
What is the definition of a specific learning disability?
500
This phase witnessed the enactment of PL 91-230 - the Specific Learning Disabilities Act of 1969.
What is the Integration Phase?
500
Loss of self-esteem and a lack of motivation are common consequences of this phenomenon.
What is learned helplessness?
500
This measures a student's abilities against a predetermined criterion or mastery level. They are not compared student's performance.
What are criterion-referenced assessments?
500
These are tools for helping students recall facts and relationships.
What are mnemonic strategies?