Foundations of Democracy
What was one major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
It made it too difficult for the federal government to raise money through taxes and duties
Who exposed the poor conditions found in tenements through his writing?
Jacob Riis in How the Other Half Lives
What was one goal of the progressive movement?
Protecting social and economic welfare of the everyday citizens
What was the primary reason for the U.S. annexation of Hawaii?
American planters profiting from sugar sales faced challenges due to The McKinley Tariff.
The existence of poverty, success of big business, and power of millionaire industrialists were all justified by....
(vocab word)
Social Darwinism
How did the end of the French and Indian War contribute to the start of the American Revolution?
The British Parliament imposed a series of taxes to compensate for the debt incurred as a result of the war.
What was the Indian Removal Act?
A forced exchange of Native American land in the South (Georgia) for land West of the Mississippi (Oklahoma). Resulted in the Trail of Tears.
Which amendment granted women the right to vote?
The 19th Amendment.
What was the Open Door Policy?
A policy that aimed to expand U.S. trade with China
What did the term “Gilded Age” refer to in American history?
A period when a thin layer of prosperity covered poverty and corruption
What phrase from the Declaration of Independence reflects the idea that the people are the source of government’s power?
“…deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed
What was one direct effect of the Wounded Knee Massacre?
The end of armed Native American resistance in the West.
What was the main purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention?
To assert the rights of women as equals to men morally, socially, and politically
What sparked the start of the Spanish-American War?
The explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor.
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?
Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays
What was the major reason the Bill of Rights was added to the United States Constitution?
To protect individual liberties against abuse of power by the federal government.
What was the underlying rationale behind the U.S. government's assimilation policies toward Native Americans?
The belief that by forcing assimilation, they were "saving" individuals from their native identities.
What did Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program focus on?
Conservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
What did the Roosevelt Corollary declare?
The U.S. would essentially act as an international police power in Latin America.
Identify the 4 big industrialists and their business.
Carnegie - steel
Rockefeller- oil
Vanderbilt - railroads/shipping
JP Morgan - banking
What was Thomas Paine's argument in Common Sense?
The foundation of the British system was inappropriate for America.
The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act prevented Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S. AND prevented those already living in the U.S. from.... (2 things!)
obtaining jobs in the United States
gaining U.S. citizenship
What was the objective of the initiative, referendum, and recall processes?
To increase participation in government by citizens.
How did the U.S. gain control over the Panama Canal project?
They supported Panama in their independence from Columbia in exchange for the right to complete the project
What was a significant outcome of the Homestead and Pullman strikes?
Government intervention through sending in federal troops to break up the strikes.