Definitions
A change in behavior or knowledge that is the result of experience is a definition of
Learning
The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
Extinction
Which part of the brain is responsible for long-term declarative memories?
Hippocampus
What causes fetal alcohol syndrome?
heavy drinking
Believing that you are more likely to be killed by a shark than by falling airplane parts is an example of this type of heuristic
Availability
Process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events
Classical conditioning
What reinforcement schedule is this a good example of:
A slot machine at a casino gives out money after a random number of pressing its buttons.
variable ratio reinforcement schedule
7 +/- 2 pieces of information is the capacity of which type of memory?
Short term or long term?
Short term memory
During which stage of pregnancy are vital organs, physiological structures, eyes, and limbs are well formed?
Embryonic stage
How well a psychometric test measures what it is intended to measure is a description of
Validity
Which type of learning is shaped by the consequences of behavior?
operant conditioning
You are training your puppy to walk on a leash, and you break that process down into steps. You begin by rewarding the puppy for the first step -- sitting still while you put on her harness. This process is known as ___________.
Shaping
Which type of memory is the briefest type of memory storage, containing information such as sights and sounds and lasting only up to a couple of seconds?
Sensory memory
Which of the following theorists has been recognized for creating a developmental theory that spans the entire life span?
A. Freud
B. Erikson
C. Piaget
Erik Erikson
Mindy grew up by the beach and only wears sandals. Mindy considers sandals to be the most typical type of “shoe”. For Mindy, sandals would most likely be the ________ of the category “shoes”.
Prototype
Which law of psychology follows this definition: Behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences are more likely to be repeated, and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated
Law of effect
A child has one week of chores taken away for every A he brings home on his report card. According to operant conditioning, his parents are increasing the likelihood he will bring home good grades through .
Negative reinforcement
Persistence of learning over time is a good definition of:
Memory
According to developmental psychologists, what is the optimum parenting style in the North American/European context?
Authoritative parenting style
A one-year child screaming out “food!” when he is hungry is an example of what early speech type?
Telegraphic speech
This type of learning may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate it
Latent learning
Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs in a laboratory to salivate when they heard a tone. After conditioning, tone is called the _____________,while salivation to the tone is called the, _____________ respectively.
conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
What are the three processes that are similar to information processing and processing on a computer?
encoding, storage, and retrieval
A baby is anxious when her mother is around and upset when the mother drops her off with a babysitter. Once the mother returns, the baby does not calm down for quite some time and clings to the mother. According to Ainsworth and her colleagues, what type of attachment is this?
B. Resistant (anxious-ambivalent)
______ intelligence is thinking “outside the box” while ______ intelligence is giving an established answer to a problem
Fill in the blanks with these terms:
Convergent
Divergent