chapter 12
Refers to a system of government where legislature is divided into 2 separate chambers or houses
what is Bicameralism
An effort by congress to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies
what is congressional oversight
When districts are drawn in such a way that advantages one group or party
what is gerrymandering
Not directly stated in the constitution but are inferred from it- stemming from the “rights, duties, & obligations of the presidency
- Often asserted during wartime/ national emergencies
what is inherent powers
Presidents can appoint individuals into various federal positions i.e judges, government officials, & members of executive agencies ( can be rejected by congress)
what is presidential appointment powers
Formed to resolve differences between the house of representative & senate over pieces of legislation
what is conference committee
Leader of the majority of the party & chief presiding officer of the House of Representative
what is speaker of the house
Powers assigned to one agency but exercised by another agency with permission of first
What is delegated powers
resolution that states forces must be withdrawn within 60 days in the absence of congressional authorization
war powers resolution
The presidency was established by this article, the vesting clause: affirmed one person would hold presidency
what is the article 2 clause
Routinely combines all 3 governmental functions in the same body
what is administrative agency
High % of incumbents are reelected, why?
- being well liked/known can intimidate challengers
what is incumbency advantage
The process of redrawing election districts & redistributing legislative representatives every 10 years to reflect shifts in populations or in response to legal challenges to existing districts
what is redistricting
Supported by the vesting clause, the theory allows the president to have all executive power within the government expect as explicitly limited by the constitution
what is unitary executive theory
Presidential power to reject a bill or law passed by the legislative branch( congress can override)
what is presidential veto
Cover particular subject matters i.e. agriculture, armed services, energy & commerce, etc
Broad discretionary powers: extends beyond what's defined in the constitution
what is presidential emergency powers
Where members of the same political party vote in unison with their party “party discipline”
what is party unity vote