1
What are the three main planes?
Sagittal frontal and transverse
What is Goniometry?
Used to measure a joint’s ROM
This is the optimal length of a muscle where it can produce the greatest force during contraction
Resting length
This protein forms the thin filaments in a muscle and interacts with myosin to produce contraction
Actin
What are some examples of force and velocity
throwing, sprinting, jumping
What plane does a bicep curl occur in?
sagittal
Where is the Goniometer placed?
Over the joint’s axis of rotation
When a muscle is stretched too far, the overlap between actin and myosin decreases, causing this to happen to force production.
Force decreases
These thick filaments have “heads” that attach to actin to create a pulling motion during muscle contraction.
Myosin
How does force velocity work?
The force-velocity relationship is explained by the mechanics of the cross-bridges formed between actin and myosin filaments within muscle fibers.
What movements occur in the transverse plane?
Rotations, internal/external, horizontal abduction/adduction
What joints can be measured with a goniometer?
Shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, neck
The force a muscle produces passively when stretched, even without active contraction, is called this.
Passive tension
This ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin, allowing cross-bridge formation.
Calcium
Why does force production decrease as muscle contraction velocity increases
This occurs at a muscular level because the ability to form actin and myosin cross-bridges
What plane involves a sideways shuffle?
frontal
How can you tell it is a hyperextension from the measurements?
ROM measurement indicates a negative number
This curve shows the relationship between muscle length and the amount of force it can produce.
Length-tension curve
Name all the key structures and molecules involved in muscle contraction according to the sliding filament theory, including thin filaments, thick filaments, regulatory proteins, ions, and energy sources.
Actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, calcium, ATP, and the sarcomere
What is the difference between concentric and eccentric force-velocity relationships?
The relationship primarily applies to concentric contractions (muscle shortening). During eccentric contractions (muscle lengthening under tension)
A squat primarily occurs in which plane?
sagittal
What are the three main parts of the Goniometer?
Axis, movable arm, stationary arm
This occurs when a muscle is too short, causing the filaments to overlap too much and reducing the muscle’s ability to generate tension.
Active insufficiency
This energy molecule is required for both the detachment of myosin from actin and the re-cocking of the myosin head during contraction.
ATP
What is the relationship between force and velocity
The force-velocity (F-V) relationship describes the inverse trade-off between the force a muscle produces and the speed at which it shortens