Vande Berg - 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Narrative
100

In this narrative, cultural relativity comes into play and study abroad programming focuses on immersion.

What is the Second Narrative?

200

In this narrative, there is a clear hierarchy of superior cultures. Students absorb knowledge and sophistication simply by visiting cultural capitals.

What is the First Narrative?

300

This study abroad narrative peaked in the 1990s.

What is the Second Narrative?

400

In this narrative, learning is holistic and experiential. Educators must teach intercultural concepts and foundational skills for adaptation.

What is the Third Narrative?

500

This study abroad narrative evolved from the nineteenth century Grand Tour tradition of Europe.

What is the First Narrative?