BioChem Basics
Our Bodies are composed of 4 major elements that make up 96% of Our body.
What is Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen?
It is the first form of energy used in the body, it makes up the structure in plants and is the identifier of the cell membrane.
what are carbohydrates
One of the Macromolecules and is used for long term energy storage have 2 times the energy found in sugars and can be used as insulation, wax and coating of cell membranes and hormones.
What are Lipids?
The most diverse group of macromolecules. Due to its structure it is mainly found in connective tissue hair muscle and etc. It also functions as a speed boost for chemical reactions in the body.
What is protein
The macromolecules that store information, make up genes and determines physical features.
What are Nucleic Acids
It is the study of the chemical basis of life and interactions between organic molecules.
What is BioChemistry
Made of Carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups and can is the main building blocks of Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Some of these have different Forms.
what are Monosaccharides
Known as an oil/fat its is made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids combining through a dehydration reaction forming 3 ester bonds.
What is a triglyceride?
It is formed through having an amine group connected by a central carbon and a carboxyl group on the other end and in the middle a unique R-group. It makes up protein by connecting together through “peptide bonds”
What are Amino acids?
There are 4 types of bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. Classified by 2 sizes the purines (2 rings) and Pyrimidines (1 rings).
What are Nirtogenous bases.
One of the two interactions that keep molecules together. it consists of chemical bonds such as Covalent bonds and when shown structurally it is represented by a line
What are Intramolecular Forces
It is a disaccharide (or 2 sugars) formed through the glycosidic bond of two monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
what is Sucrose
___________ is a fat mostly found in animals and have a max number of hydrogen bonds and is usually found in a solid-state in room temperature. ____________ is a fat that is unstable, found in plants, is in a liquid state at room temperature and is easily broken down in the body.
what are saturated and unsaturated fats?
1 of the 4 levels of protein structure, this structure is made through 4 common bonds formed disulphide bonds, hydrophobic interactions ,Ionic Bonding and hydrogen bonds.
what is a tertiary structure
its structure is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and nirtogenous base. It is used for ong term genetic storage for cells. The structure comes in a double helix structure.
What is DNA/Deoyribonucleic Acid and Purpose?
The structural Formula is double-bonded oxygen to carbon.
What is Carbonyl Functional Group
These carbs/sugars can be stacked to form massive chains almost thousands long, and is used for long term energy storage and structure building.
what are polysaccharides
It is a byproduct of hydrogenation and is problematic because it is not found in nature so therefore hard to breakdown.
what is trans fat?
__________ bond happens when the linking of multiple amino acids occur forming a N-terminus and a C-terminus.
what is polypeptide bond?
its nitrogenous base contains Uracil instead of Thymine and has no oxygen on C2. Its strucutre is a single helix strand and is used for short term information sotrage.
What is Ribonucleic acid/ RNA
_____ is an atom that has a stronger electronegativity pull in a covalent bond that pulls electrons closer. _____ is mainly an equal sharing of electrons in the covalent bond.
What is Polar and Non-polar?
_____________ is the loss of water when forming disaccharides while ___________ is the adding of water back into the disaccharides
what is Dehydration and hydrolysis
t is the main ingredient found in the cell membrane, it is similar to triglyceride but replaces 1/3 of the fatty acid with a polar phosphate group and is hydrophobic.
what are phospholipids?
__________ is when a protein is under different temperature environments which causes change in structure. Some example are making stock, jello and straightening your hair.
What is denaturation
_____ is the reaction that occurs when a ntirogenous base become a nucleotide and then Nucleic acid.
what are Condensation reactions.